1. PROTECTING AND PRESERVING GROUND WATER with MONITORING SYSTEMS and VULNERABILITY MAPS PAPATHEODOROU Konstantinos, Assoc. Professor 1 EVANGELIDIS Konstantinos, Lecturer 1 1 Geomatics & Surveying Dept., Technological Educational Institute of Serres, Greece

2. Introduction GROUNDWATER: a VITAL resource! GROUNDWATER: a VITAL resource! GROUNDWATER protection & Management: GROUNDWATER protection & Management: is a CRITICAL procedure for Sustainable Development Involving: the Preservation of QUALITY, the Preservation of QUALITY, the Preservation of QUANTITY and the Preservation of QUANTITY and The ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT assessment of its use The ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT assessment of its use 2

3. Ground Water resources protection CONSERVATION & ENHANCEMENT of GroundWater resources can be achieved through : Land Care Land Care GW Management GW Management GW Recharge Preservation GW Recharge Preservation In any case, when trying to protect and preserve the central idea must be …. PREVENTION (instead of disaster/pollution management) 3

4. Scope To highlight the possibilities offered by contemporary technologies such as Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems in Ground Water protection and management… To highlight the possibilities offered by contemporary technologies such as Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems in Ground Water protection and management… By assessing groundwater vulnerability which can be considered as one of its sustainability indicators By assessing groundwater vulnerability which can be considered as one of its sustainability indicators By displaying the potential uses of an integrated Ground Water Information System By displaying the potential uses of an integrated Ground Water Information System 4

5. Lineament Orientation analysis Fracture pattern and density Band Ratios & False Color Composites used to: Map the GeologyTrace Faults False Color Composites & Band Ratios PC2-4/7-3/1 PC2-4/7-4/3 TM5/7-4/5-3/1 TM4/7-4/3-4/6 TM4/3-5/7-4/5 5 Location Delineating Recharge Areas (1/2)

6. Additional Hydrochemical Data used Recharge area delineation Lineament Density Ion Ratio spatial distribution Delineating Recharge Areas Fractures 6 Ion Ratio indicating groundwater residence time in the aquifer: [Ca+Mg] / [Na + K ] Ion Ratio indicating groundwater origin through Mg-rich formations: Mg/Ca > 1.0 Recharge Area delineation

7. R Recharge Rate A Aquifer Media S Soil Media T Topography I Impact of Vadose zone C Hydraulic Conductivity D Depth to groundwater 7 GW Vulnerability assessment (1/2) Rainfall: 25 years /53 stations 260 sampling points Bore logs Geologic maps (scale 1:50,000) X = Effective Infiltration (%) Mean Annual Rainfall (mm) Mean Annual Infiltration (mm)

8. 8 Ground Water Vulnerability as compared to NO 3 concentration Installations/Activities plotted against Ground Water Vulnerability Reliability Check Use… LANDUSE to estimate RISK GW Vulnerability assessment (1/2)

9. GWIS concept design can be used to protect groundwater and to support decisions for Ground Water sustainable management A system that can be used to protect groundwater and to support decisions for Ground Water sustainable management Ground Water Information System The proposed system presents a typical Multi-TIER Architecture System Tiers: Data Collection Layer Data Services/Applications Layer DataBases Application & Data Access code User Access control & Content Management Presentation Layer 9

10. MONITORING STATION HOUSED ONLINE REAL-TIME TELECONTROLED SPECTROPHOTOMETERS Data input through Web services 10 Early Warning System In RED color the sampling points where the specified threshold value for a specified parameter was exceeded. Ground Water Information System Data (information) layers shown

11. Groundwater quantity and/or quality related parameters, can be constantly (or selectively) measured and data can be instantly transferred, stored and made readily available. The system is capable to adapt to site specific conditions and local regulations and to maximise cost-effectiveness without compromising program and data quality Ion or Contaminant concentrations that are above set thresholds can be tracked and contaminant trends can be identified. Remedial measure performance can be evaluated. Regulators can have access to data and maps in real time, estimate future trends and make decisions Public awareness can be greatly enhanced by providing information and guidelines over the Web so the public can be transformed from part of the problem to part of the solution GWIS characteristics 11

12. Remote Sensing Techniques combined with the use of Geographic Information Systems over the Web can provide accurate and reliable information regarding groundwater protection and management at minimal costs. Pollution Hazard Preventive measures Can be based on vulnerability assessment models and methods, can provide reliable results and help make decisions regarding the regulatory framework and the land use planning on a regional scale The use of a Ground Water Information System integrating the above technologies can greatly help both as a Decision Support AND as an Early Warning System for groundwater protection and management. Conclusions 12

13. The Problems we have to face from a Cross-Border Perspective There is an ongoing effort to reduce the impact pollution Hazards can have on people and on the environment. Problems & Drawbacks Lack of RELIABLE information Lack of RELIABLE information The COST of required DATA The COST of required DATA Lack of SYSTEMATIC pollution hazard assessment Lack of SYSTEMATIC pollution hazard assessment Lack of a common census in terms of Methodologies and Procedures adapted so that results can be comparable Lack of a common census in terms of Methodologies and Procedures adapted so that results can be comparable …and regarding the local administration (only a couple of…) Not imposed LEGAL FRAMEWORK Not imposed LEGAL FRAMEWORK Lack of PUBLIC AWARENESS Lack of PUBLIC AWARENESS 13

14. Responce Key elements for Pollution Hazard mitigation, especially by taking Preventive measures, are: Pollution Hazard Identification Risk assessment and Applied Research and Technology transfer And to achieve those targets we need A common census on Methodologies used/adapted Selection of the appropriate Methodology (–ies) by a review-compare-select-pilot implement procedure Data homogenization Data standardization according to the selected data model 14 …suggestions on How to Solve them

15. PROTECTING AND PRESERVING GROUND WATER with MONITORING SYSTEMS and VULNERABILITY MAPS PAPATHEODOROU Konstantinos, Assoc. Professor 1 EVANGELIDIS Konstantinos, Lecturer 1 1 Geomatics & Surveying Dept., Technological Educational Institute of Serres, Greece THANK YOU!