1. What is the Global Water Challenge? Laura Keating Global Strategy Institute Center for Strategic and International Studies March 23, 2007

3. Parameters Challenges Solutions

4. The Global Water Challenge: PARAMETERS

5. Per Capita Water Availability SCARCITY

7. 80% 90%

8. ACCESS 1.1 BILLION 2.6 BILLION

9. United Nations Development Program: Not having access to clean water is a euphemism for profound deprivation. ACCESS

10. Populations without access to improved drinking water sources in 2002 (millions of people) Source: Millennium Assessment Program Africa (295) Western Asia (23) Southeast Asia (115) South Asia (234) East Asia (303) Latin America & Caribbean (60) Eurasia (20) Developed Regions (15) Oceania (3) ACCESS

11. Chinese SEPA: more than 70% of water in five out of seven major water systems is too polluted for human use QUALITY

13. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: 5%-25% unsustainable Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: 5%-25% current use is unsustainable ECOSYSTEMS

14. ACCESS SCARCITY QUALITY ECOSYSTEMS

15. The Global Water Challenge: COSTS

16. Human Development Challenge Economic Challenge Security Challenge

17. Gathering Water 10-60 minutes per day Uganda: 660 hours/family Africa: 40 billion working hours Human Development

18. Water-related Disease 50% of developing worlds hospital beds 1.8 million diarrheal deaths 17% of all child mortality

19. Human Development Text 10-year-old girl in El Alto, Bolivia: Of course I wish I were in school. I want to learn to read and to write... but how can I? My mother needs me to get water and the standpipe here is only open from 10-12. You have to get in line early because so many people come here.

20. Economic Challenge $170 billion = 2.6% $23.5 billion $29 billion sub-Saharan Africa Latin America $34 billion $66 billion South Asia East Asia

21. Economic Challenge

24. Security Challenge Whiskey is for drinking, water is for fighting over

25. Water Conflict Security Challenge Waters Importanc e + Water Trends =

26. Conflict or Collaboration? Global number & type of events related to international river basins, 1948-1998 Extensive military act Small- scale military act Political/m ilitary hostile action Diplomatic/ economic hostile action Strong official verbal hostility Mild official verbal hostility Neutral non- significant act Mild verbal support Official verbal support Cultural/ scientific agreement or support Economic/ Technical agreement or support Military econ. strategic support Intl. water treaty Conflict Collaboration

27. Security Challenge

30. The Global Water Challenge: SOLUTIONS

31. Mobilize technologies 1

32. Integrated Water Resource Management 2

33. Rational pricing 3

34. Multilateral cooperation 4

35. Conclusion

37. www.csis.org www.csis.org/gsi/global_waters_futu re/

38. What is the Global Water Challenge? Laura Keating Global Strategy Institute Center for Strategic and International Studies March 23, 2007