1. Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

2. Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Types of Systems
Central Forced Air System
Air Handling Unit
Hot Water System
Zoned Control System
Radiant Heat
Heat Pump
HVAC Plans
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

3. Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
Types of Systems
Central Forced-Air Systems
Hot Water Systems
Zone Control Systems
Radiant Heat
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

4. Central Forced Air System
Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
Central Forced Air System
Most Common HVAC System
Circulates air through or around heating and cooling devices.
A fan forces air into ducts
Supply ducts transport conditioned air into building through diffusers or supply registers
Air is routed back to heating/cooling device through return ducts
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

5. Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Device used to condition and circulate air as part of an HVAC system
Large metal box containing a blower, heating or cooling elements, filter, and sound attenuators
Connects to ductwork that distributes the conditioned air through the building and returns it to the AHU
Courtesy Eric Fisher
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

6. Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
Air Handling Unit (AHU)
May need to supply heating, cooling, or both
A furnace generates heat
Fuel oil or natural gas
Electric heating elements
Heat pump
A refrigeration system absorbs heat
Air conditioner
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

7. Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Smaller air handlers may contain a fuel-burning heater or a refrigeration evaporator placed directly in the air stream
Large commercial air handling units contain coils that circulate water
Boiler provides hot water or steam
Chiller provides chilled water
The picture on the left shows a boiler and piping in an HVAC system.
The picture on the right shows a roof top chiller.
©iStockphoto.com
©iStockphoto.com
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

8. Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Typical AHU components:
1. Supply duct 2. Fan compartment 3. Flexible connection 4. Heating and/or cooling coil 5. Filter compartment 6. Return and fresh air duct
Wikimedia
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

9. Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
Hot Water System
Water heated in boiler and circulated through pipes to radiators
Requires plumbing rather than ductwork
The picture shows a home radiator. Despite the name, a radiator actually works through convection. Cool air is heated by the hot radiator, which causes the air to expand and to rise. This process draws cooler air up from the floor.
©iStockphoto.com
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

10. Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
Zone Control System
One heater and one thermostat per room
No ductwork
Often used in hotel rooms
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

11. Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
Radiant Heat
Supply heat directly to the floor, wall, or ceiling
Hot water pipes or electric heating element runs through building component
Dependent on radiant heat
Heat transferred from hot surface to people and objects
This image shows the installation of electric heating elements in a floor.
Wikimedia
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

12. Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
Heat Pump (HP)
A machine or device that moves heat from one location (the source) to another location (the mechanical work)
Can produce heating or cooling by reversing the direction of heat flow
Can be used in:
Forced Air System
Hot Water System
Radiant Heat System
This picture shows a liquid-to-water heat pump which uses water to transfer heat. Liquid-to-air units that output forced air are also available.
wikimedia
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

13. Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
HVAC Plans
HVAC plans show the size and location of the equipment, ductwork, and components of the system. Often the plans include notes, schedules, and specifications. This is a partial HVAC drawing.
Image Courtesy Novus Architects
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

14. HVAC (Mechanical) Plans
Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
HVAC (Mechanical) Plans
Here the air handling units (AHU) have been shaded red, the supply ducts have been shaded green, and the return ducts have been shaded blue. Notice that the air flows are also noted in cubic feet per minute (CFM). All of the tags refer to specific component descriptions found in schedules within the drawing set.
Image Courtesy Novus Architects
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

15. Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
HVAC Mechanical Plans
Image Courtesy Novus Architects
In addition to supply and return ducts, codes require that some rooms be vented directly to the outside. These exhaust ducts are shaded yellow in this image.
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

16. Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Types of Systems
Central Forced Air System
Air Handling Unit
Hot Water System
Zoned Control System
Radiant Heat
Heat Pump
HVAC Plans
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

17. Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
Image Sources
en.wikimedia.org. Images retrieved Dec. 8, 2009.
Novus Architecture (formerly SGM Architects), Mt. Pleasant, SC
Images retrieved Dec. 8, 2009.
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010

18. Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning
Civil Engineering and Architecture
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.3 – Services and Utilities
Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010