1. Lighting
4.05
Sherry Brooks

2. Light Can emphasize the best features of a room
Effects the way a room can be used. Inadequate light causes eye strain, affect comfort levels, and result in accidents.
Cool-white light is very efficient, blends well with sunlight, and makes most colors look good, less flattering to skin tones
Warm-white is efficient but NOT flattering to many colors, flattering to skin tones

3. Purposes of lighting
GENERAL lighting: also known as background or ambient lighting.
Provides just enough light so everything in the room can be seen.
Softens the shadows and harsh contrasts caused by other lighting sources.
EX: Overhead light in any room
Chandelier in dining room
Ceiling fan with light

4. Types con’t Direct lighting: light that shines on specific areas
Indirect light: reflected off ceilings and walls. More diffused and softer
Task lighting: focuses light on an area where it is needed most.
To provide the best task light, shades should shaped so that light is directed downward
EX: Desk lamp illuminates a desk top.
Light above a range or kitchen island
Light on sewing machine

5. Types con’t
Accent lighting: aimed directly on a specific object to create a dramatic effect.
For the most dramatic effect, the accent lighting should be at least 3 times brighter than general lighting.
EX: Light over a special painting,
Lights in a china cabinet

6. TYPES OF BULBS LED Mercury Vapor Incandescent Florescent Halide
Halogen

7. Incandescent Bulbs
Light produced by electricity passing through a tungsten filament in a glass bulb.
This light tends to be warm and flattering.
Bulbs are available in variety of shapes and can be clear or frosted
Frosted bulbs reduce glare and give a soft light

8. Incandescent bulbs (con’t)
Small clear bulbs, used in chandeliers, give a sparkling effect.
Available in 15 to 300 watts
Used in lamps, overhead lights, outdoor lights

9. Halogen Bulbs Special type of incandescent bulb
Filled with pressurized halogen gas, which makes it more efficient than a regular bulb.
Usually smaller than a regular bulb, produces a whiter and more intense light
More expensive but last longer
Can become very hot (1000F), can cause burns

10. Fluorescent Bulbs
Light that is produced when chemicals inside a sealed glass transform ultra-violet rays
Produce various color casts
Usually are long straight tubes, but can also be circular and U-shaped
Can produce up to 10 times the light of a standard bulb of the same wattage

11. Fluorescent (con’t) Look for the new compact fluorescent bulbs (CFL)
These screw into regular light bulb sockets
Cost more but last longer
Cannot be used with dimmer switches or electronic timers

12. Light Emitting Diodes LED
This diode is a silicon “chip” about the size of a grain of salt and made of crystals.
An LED bulb can last 100,000 hours OR more (10x longer than CFL, 133x longer than a regular bulb)
Considered to be the next major evolution in lighting.
Just starting in residential use

13. Fiber Optics
Fiber optic lights are being used primarily in museums and for displays because they emit no heat and no ultraviolet light
Light flows through the __________ and is focused at the end

14. Structural Lighting This is built-in permenant lighting
Fixtures and wiring are hidden from view.
EX: wall washers soffit lighting
strip lighting down-lights
valence lighting cove lighting
cornice lighting
luminous ceiling panels

15. Structures
Wall washers: recessed ceiling lights that spread light over a wall from ceiling to floor.
Valence lighting: light source (usually a fluorescent tube) mounted over a window and hidden by a window valence. Shines light both upward and downward
Strip lighting: consist of a row of incandescent bulbs around top or sides of mirror in baths
Luminous ceiling panels: plastic panels covering fluorescent tubes. May cover all or part of ceiling, provides general light

16. More structural
Cornice lighting: mounted near the junction of wall and ceiling and directs light downward. Used to highlight wall hangings
Cove lighting: concealed light source that directs light upward toward the ceiling. Gives appearance of added height
Down lights: direct a beam of light from ceiling downward. Can be accent or general lighting. Flush with ceiling

17. Soffit: light enclosed in box-like structure that directs light downward. Usually a plastic panel diffuses the light, often used over kitchen and bathroom sinks

18. Non-structural Lighting
Consists of fixtures that can be moved or replaced….various ceiling and wall fixtures as well as portable lamps.
Consider track lighting, wall sconce, chandeliers, hanging pendants, lamps of all types and sizes.
Can use all types of bulbs.

19. Lighting for Safety
Prevents accidents that occur in dim light or darkness
Make sure all fixtures have UL seal that shows that fixture meets safety guidelines.
Make sure ALL wiring meets local and state electrical safety codes
Do not overload outlets with too many lights. Can overload circuit and blow fuses or start fires in worst case

20. Safety Issue in Lighting
Are there switches at each doorway into rooms
Light at entrance of home
Light switch at top & bottom of stairs
Are there controls for garage/carport lighting from inside the house
Can you control outside lighting from inside the house