1. Renewable and non-renewable energy sources
Hany El-Gezawy

2. Hany El-Gezawy

3. Hany El-Gezawy

4. Hany El-Gezawy

5. Renewable and non-renewable energy sources
A renewable energy resource is one that will not run out.
Renewable energy sources do not produce radioactive waste, greenhouse gases or acid rain.
Examples include wind, hydroelectric, wave, tidal, solar and geothermal.
Fossil fuels such as coal. gas and oil as well as uranium are non-renewable energy sources.
Hany El-Gezawy

6. Hydroelectric power
Falling water is used to drive a turbine which rotates an electrical generator.
Energy changes:
gravitational potential
to kinetic
to electrical
Hany El-Gezawy

7. Hydroelectric power station
Hany El-Gezawy

8. Very limited locations Wildlife affected Expensive to build
TRIPLE ONLY
ADVANTAGES
Renewable
No greenhouse gases
No acid rain
No radioactive waste
Short start up time
DISADVANTAGES
Very limited locations
Wildlife affected
Expensive to build
The Hoover Dam near Las Vegas
Hany El-Gezawy

9. Wave power Waves can be used to drive an electrical generator.
Energy changes:
kinetic
to electrical
Hany El-Gezawy

10. Can only be used in areas with suitable waves Prone to storm damage
TRIPLE ONLY
ADVANTAGES
Renewable
No greenhouse gases
No acid rain
No radioactive waste
No land needed
Short start up time
DISADVANTAGES
Unreliable
Can only be used in areas with suitable waves
Prone to storm damage
Many needed to produce the same energy of a small thermal power station
Danger to shipping
Hany El-Gezawy

11. Tidal power
Moving water caused by the tides is used to drive a turbine directly which rotates an electrical generator.
Energy changes:
gravitational potential
to kinetic
to electrical
Tidal power station at La Rance, Brittany
Hany El-Gezawy

12. Tidal power station
Hany El-Gezawy

13. Very limited locations Wildlife affected Expensive to build
TRIPLE ONLY
ADVANTAGES
Renewable
No greenhouse gases
No acid rain
No radioactive waste
Short start up time
DISADVANTAGES
Very limited locations
Wildlife affected
Expensive to build
Proposed Severn Estuary Tidal Power Scheme
Hany El-Gezawy

14. Wind power
Wind is used to rotate a turbine (the blades) which turns an electrical generator.
A wind farm
Energy changes:
kinetic
to electrical
Hany El-Gezawy

15. Renewable energy source No greenhouse gases No acid rain
TRIPLE ONLY
ADVANTAGES
Renewable energy source
No greenhouse gases
No acid rain
No radioactive waste
Inexpensive to build
Short start up time
DISADVANTAGES
Unreliable – needs wind!
Best used in places where they will often be regarded as unsightly
Many turbines are needed to produce the same energy of a small thermal power station
Noise
Danger to wildlife
Hany El-Gezawy

16. Geothermal energy
In some volcanic areas hot water and steam rise to the surface. The steam can be tapped and used to drive turbines. This is known as geothermal energy.
Energy changes:
thermal (heat)
to kinetic
to electrical
Hany El-Gezawy

17. Very limited locations Expensive to build
TRIPLE ONLY
ADVANTAGES
Renewable
No greenhouse gases
No acid rain
No radioactive waste
Short start up time
DISADVANTAGES
Very limited locations
Expensive to build
Hany El-Gezawy

18. Solar heating
Heat energy from the Sun is focussed onto pipes containing water. The water boils producing steam. The steam is then used to drive turbines which turn electrical generators.
Energy changes:
thermal
to kinetic
to electrical
Hany El-Gezawy

19. Sunshine needed and so best in desert regions
TRIPLE ONLY
ADVANTAGES
Renewable
No greenhouse gases
No acid rain
No radioactive waste
DISADVANTAGES
Sunshine needed and so best in desert regions
Can only be used during the day
A large amount of land is needed to produce a significant amount of energy
Hany El-Gezawy

20. Solar cells Electricity produced directly from the Sun’s radiation.
Energy changes:
light
to electrical
Hany El-Gezawy

21. Unreliable in the UK! – sunshine is needed for solar cells
TRIPLE ONLY
ADVANTAGES
Renewable
No greenhouse gases
No acid rain
No radioactive waste
Instant start up time
DISADVANTAGES
Unreliable in the UK! – sunshine is needed for solar cells
Can only be used during the day
Only 10% of solar energy is converted into electricity by solar cells
Many cells needed to produce a significant amount of energy
Hany El-Gezawy

22. Nuclear power
uranium fuel rods
Nuclear power stations use a certain type of uranium to produce heat energy.
This heat energy is used to produce steam. The steam is then used to drive turbines which turn electrical generators.
Energy changes:
nuclear
to thermal
to kinetic
to electrical
Hany El-Gezawy

23. A nuclear reactor
Hany El-Gezawy

24. Problems with nuclear power stations
TRIPLE ONLY
Problems with nuclear power stations
Nuclear fuel (uranium) does not produce greenhouse gases and it generates times more energy per kilogram than fossil fuels.
However:
Nuclear waste is radioactive and may have to be stored safely for thousands of years.
Although safe in normal operation, accidents can release radioactive material over a large area. The area around Chernobyl in Ukraine has been closed off since 1986.
The destroyed Chernobyl nuclear reactor
Hany El-Gezawy

25. Concentrated energy source Reliable energy source
TRIPLE ONLY
ADVANTAGES
Concentrated energy source
Reliable energy source
Can be built anywhere
No greenhouse gases
No acid rain
DISADVANTAGES
Non-renewable
Radioactive waste
Expensive to build
Technology is related to that needed to make atomic bombs
Hany El-Gezawy

26. Fossil fuels Fossil fuels include coal, oil and natural gas.
They have been formed in the ground from dead vegetation and tiny creatures by a process that has taken millions of years.
When burnt the heat energy produced is used to produce steam. The steam is then used to drive turbines which turn electrical generators.
Energy changes:
thermal
to kinetic
to electrical
Hany El-Gezawy

27. Coal-fired power station
Hany El-Gezawy

28. Problems with fossil fuels
TRIPLE ONLY
Problems with fossil fuels
Burning coal, gas and oil produces carbon dioxide. This is a greenhouse gas which causes global warming.
Fossil fuel burning can also produce sulfur dioxide gas. This can dissolve in water and produce acid rain which causes damage to forests and buildings. Modern power stations remove most sulfur dioxide producing compounds before burning.
Fossil fuels are not renewable. They are running out. Estimates vary between 50 to 200 years to when we will need to find alternative sources of energy.
An effect of acid rain
Hany El-Gezawy

29. Concentrated energy source Reliable energy source
TRIPLE ONLY
ADVANTAGES
Concentrated energy source
Reliable energy source
Can be built anywhere
No radioactive waste
DISADVANTAGES
Non-renewable
Produces greenhouse gases and contributes to global warming
Produces acid rain
Hany El-Gezawy

30. Electricity generation pie-chart
Most of our electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels (74% according to the pie chart opposite)
Nearly 20% is nuclear
Less than 5% is currently generated using renewable sources.
Hany El-Gezawy