1. 1.3. Cycles and the Earth
1. Water Cycle

2. Water

5. (1)Evaporation
Heat energy from the sun causes water in puddles, streams, rivers, seas or lakes to change from a liquid to a water vapor.
This is called evaporation.
The vapor rises into the air and collects in clouds.  

6. (2)Condensation
Water vapor collects in clouds. As the clouds cool the water vapor condenses into water drops.
This is called condensation.
These drops fall to the earth as rain, snow or hail.

7. (3)Precipitation
Water falls to the earth from clouds. Mainly as rain, but sometimes as snow and hail.
This is called precipitation.

8. (4)Transpiration
Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water out of their leaves. 
Transpiration gives evaporation a bit of a hand in getting the water vapor back up into the air.

9. Condensation Transpiration Precipitation Evaporation The Clouds form
The movement through plants
Precipitation
The rain falls
Evaporation
The vapor rises

10. 2. Carbon Cycle

11. Carbon Carbon exists in the nonliving environment as:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Carbonic acid ( HCO3−)
Carbonate rocks (limestone and coral = CaCO3)
Deposits of Fossil fuels
Dead organic matter

12. Organic Carbon
Hydrocarbons: CH4
Carbohydrate: CH2O

13. Inorganic carbon Carbon Dioxide: CO2 Calcium Carbonate: CaCO3
Mandale Limestone Quarry

14. Carbon reservoirs
Parts of the Earth system where carbon is stored is called carbon reservoirs

15. Carbon is taken from the atmosphere in several ways
①Photosynthesis.
②The oceans when the seawater becomes cooler, more CO2 dissolve and become carbonic acid.
In the upper ocean areas organisms convert reduced carbon to tissues, or carbonates.

16. Photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O + sunlight  CH2O + O2

17. Respiration
CH2O + O2  CO2 + H2O + energy

18. Combustion or Oxidization of hydrocarbon
CH4 + 2 O2  CO H2O + energy

19. Human Impacts on the Carbon Cycle
Burning fossil fuels have serious impact on the carbon cycle.

20. Fossil Fuel
86% of global primary energy consumption is fossil fuels.

21. Fossil Fuels
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Coal

22. 3. The Energy Cycle
The amount of energy that enters the system should equal the amount that is removed.
Because of the balance-scale nature of Earth’s energy cycle, scientists also call it Earth’s energy budget.

23. Three main sources of energy in Earth’s energy budget
Solar Energy
Geothermal Energy
Tidal Energy

24. <The Law of Thermodynamics>
Energy can never be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
When energy changes, it is converted from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form.
→Energy can never be recycled completely.