1. Chapter 4: Managing Taxes

2. Objectives Describe the two ways of paying taxes: payroll withholding and estimated taxes. Identify the three steps involved in calculating federal income taxes. Understand planning strategies to legally avoid overpayment of income taxes. Explain the basics of IRS audits.

3. Taxes on Purchases State and local taxes are added to the purchase price of goods. Excise tax is imposed on specific goods and services Gasoline Cigarettes Alcohol Tires Air travel Telephone service

4. Taxes on Property Real estate property tax is based on the value of land and buildings. Personal property taxes on the value of automobiles, boats, furniture, and farm equipment are imposed in some areas.

5. Federal tax laws Progressive nature of income tax Regressive Marginal tax rate Effective marginal tax rate Average tax rate Administration/Classification of Income Taxes

7. New Math

8. Taxes on Wealth Estate tax-federal tax imposed on the value of an individual’s property at the time of death. Inheritance tax-state tax levied on the value of property bequeathed by a deceased individual.

9. 3 Steps in Determining Taxes 1.Determining Adjusted Gross Income 2.Computing Taxable Income 3.Calculating Taxes Owed

11. What is Tax Management? Reduction Deferment Elimination ATTENTION! A PLANNING PROCESS FOR TAX:

12. Total Income Tax Bracket Federal Income Tax Bracket +State Income Tax Bracket -(Federal Income Tax Bracket xState Income Tax Bracket) Example: Mike’s federal income tax bracket is 28% and his state income tax bracket is 7%. What is Mike’s total income tax bracket? 28% + 7% - (28%x7%) =.28+.07 - (.28 x.07) =.35 -.0196 =.33 or 33%

13. Step 1: Determining Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) Earned Income-money received by personal effort. Investment Income-money received in the form of dividends, interest, or rent Passive Income-activities in which you do not actively participate. Other Income-Alimony, awards, lottery winning, prizes

14. Other Items That Impact Income Exclusion-amount not included in gross income. Tax Exempt Income-another name for exclusions-Qualified scholarships and fellowships where money is used for tuition, fees, supplies, and equipment, VA payments Tax Deferred Income-income that will be taxed at a later date Adjusted Gross Income (AGI)-gross income after certain reductions have been made Tax Shelters-immediate tax benefits and a reasonable expectation of a future financial return (IRA’s Keogh’s)

15. Taxes on Earnings Social Security Income Tax Federal tax State tax in all but 7 states Alaska Florida Nevada South Dakota Texas Washington Wyoming

16. 2014 Federal Tax Rate Schedules If taxable income is over—but not over—the tax is: $0$9,07510% of the amount over $0 $9,075$36,900 $907.50 plus 15% of the amount over $9,075 $36,900$89,350 $5,081.25 plus 25% of the amount over $36,900 $89,350$186,350 $18,193.75 plus 28% of the amount over $89,350 $186,350$405,100 $45,353.75 plus 33% of the amount over $186,350 $405,100$406,750 $117,541.25 plus 35% of the amount over $405,100 $406,750no limit $118,118.75 plus 39.6% of the amount over $406,750 Single

17. The Marginal Tax Rate Affects Your Final Decision $3,950 personal exemption is not taxed $6,200 standard deduction is not taxed Next $9,075 of income is taxed at 10% Next $27,825 of income is taxed at 15% Remaining $42,950 of income is taxed at 25% 0 + 0 + $835.00 + $3,840.00 + $4,175 Gross Income = $90,000 Taxable Income = $79,850 Taxes = $15,819 Marginal Tax Rate = 25% Average Tax Rate = 19.8% (Taxes Paid / Taxable Income)

18. How We Pay Taxes

19. Eight Steps in Calculating Your Income Taxes Step 1 Total Income Subtract exclusions Step 2 Subtract adjustments to income. Step 3 Subtract standard deduction or total itemized deductions. Step 4 Gross Income Adjusted Gross Income Subtotal Taxable IncomeSubtract value of exemptions Step 5 Apply tax table or tax-rate schedule to determine liability. Step 6 Final tax liabilitySubtract tax credits Step 7 Calculate balance owed or refund. Step 8

21. Step 2: Computing Taxable Income Deduction-an amount subtracted from AGI to arrive at taxable income. Standard deduction ($6,200/single in 2014) Itemized deduction Exemption-a deduction from AGI for yourself, your spouse, and qualified dependents ($3,950 in 2014)

22. Step 3: Calculating Taxes Owed Use your taxable income in conjunction with the appropriate tax table or tax schedule. Marginal tax rate-the tax on the last dollar of income. Average tax rate-total tax due divided ty your taxable income. Tax credit-amounts subtracted from the amount of tax owed.

24. Earned income Unearned income Transfer payments Who Should File a Tax Return? STUDENTS WITH:

25. Which Tax Form Should I Use? Form 1040EZ is the simplest form to fill out. You may use Form 1040EZ if you meet all the following conditions: 1.Your filing status is single or married filing jointly 2.You claim no dependents 3.You, and your spouse if filing a joint return, were under age 65 on January 1, 2015, and not blind at the end of 2014 4.You have only wages, salaries, tips, taxable scholarship and fellowship grants, unemployment compensation, or Alaska Permanent Fund dividends, and your taxable interest was not over $1,500 5.Your taxable income is less than $100,000 6.Your earned tips, if any, are included in boxes 5 and 7 of your Form W-2 7.You do not owe any household employment taxes on wages you paid to a household employee 8.You are not a debtor in a Chapter 11 bankruptcy case filed after October 16, 2005 9.You do not claim any adjustments to income 10.You do not claim any credits other than the earned income credit 11.Advance payments of the premium tax credit were not made for you, your spouse, or any individual you enrolled in coverage for whom no one else is claiming the personal exemption If you file Form 1040EZ, you cannot itemize deductions or claim any adjustments to income or tax credits (other than the earned income credit).

26. Which Tax Form Should I Use? If you cannot use Form 1040EZ, you may be able to use Form 1040A if: Your income is only from wages, salaries, tips, taxable scholarships and fellowship grants, interest, ordinary dividends, capital gain distributions, pensions, annuities, IRAs, unemployment compensation, taxable Social Security or railroad retirement benefits, and Alaska Permanent Fund dividends Your taxable income is less than $100,000 You do not itemize deductions You did not have an alternative minimum tax adjustment on stock you acquired from the exercise of an incentive stock option Your only adjustments to income are the IRA deduction, the student loan interest deduction, the educator expenses deduction, the tuition and fees deduction, and The only credits you are claiming are the credit for child and dependent care expenses, the earned income credit, the credit for the elderly or the disabled, education credits, the child tax credit, the additional child tax credit, or the retirement savings contribution credit

31. If line 43 (taxable Income) is And you are -- At leastBut less than SingleMarried Filing Jointly Married Filing Separately Head of A House- Hold 26,00026,0503,4502,9963,4503,256 26,05026,1003,4583,0043,4583,264 26,10026,1503,4653,0113,4653,271 26,15026,2003,4733,0193,4733,279 26,20026,2503,4803,0263,4803,286 26,25026,3003,4883,0343,4883,294 26,30026,3503,4953,0413,4953,301 26,35026,4003,5033,0493,5033,309

32. Tax Credit Versus Tax Deduction $100 tax credit reduces your taxes by $100 $100 tax deduction reduces taxes by your tax bracket. For instance, if a person is in the 25% tax bracket it would reduce your taxes by 25%

35. Is it Taxable Income? Is it Deductible? Is it Taxable Income?YesNo Lottery Winnings Child Support Received Worker’s Compensation Benefits Life Insurance Death Benefits Municipal Bond Interest Earnings Bartering Income Is it Deductible?YesNo Life Insurance Premiums Cosmetic Surgery for Improved Looks Fees for Traffic Violations Mileage for Driving to Volunteer Work An Attorney’s Fee for Preparing Will Income Tax Preparation

36. Is it Taxable Income? Is it Deductible? Is it Taxable Income?YesNo Lottery Winningsx Child Support Receivedx Worker’s Compensation Benefits X Life Insurance Death Benefits x Municipal Bond Interest Earnings x Bartering Incomex Is it Deductible?YesNo Life Insurance Premiumsx Cosmetic Surgery for Improved Looks x Fees for Traffic Violationsx Mileage for Driving to Volunteer Work x An Attorney’s Fee for Preparing Will x Income Tax Preparationx