1. Linking PEVs with Sustainability & Building Benchmarking Goals

2. Workplace Building-related Emissions = People needing/using power at work Workplace Transportation-related Emissions = People showing up for work

3. Washington State GHG Emissions by Source in 2010 (million metric tons CO 2 e) 23% of total state emissions.

4. The Big Picture: WA’s Primary Energy Sources & Uses

5. Based on: 1 million SF office tower, electricity consumption of 17.5 kWh/SF; Seattle City Light emissions of 0.1 lbs CO2/kWh; 990 employee vehicles per day; 251 work days; PSRC 2006 Activity Survey commuter data; and vehicle emissions based on US passenger fleet average of 22 MPG, 4.90 lbs CO2 per gallon for upstream gasoline production, 20% adder due to oil sands content in Washington State refined gasoline, and 19.6 lbs CO2 per gallon tailpipe emissions. 5 Workplace-related GHG emissions: kWh vs. Gasoline

6. Which conventional passenger vehicle commuters have the greatest impact on workplace-related GHG emissions from gasoline? 6 Source: Puget Sound Regional Council 2006 Activity Survey

7. Round Trip Commute Distance Make/Model (PEV type) EPA rated electric driving range Short <22 miles 12.0 miles avg Medium 24-48 miles 34.6 miles avg Long >50 miles 65.2 miles avg Nissan LEAF (all-electric) 84 miles No Yes Chevy Volt (PHEV) 38 miles NoMaybeYes Ford C-Max Energi (PHEV) 21 miles NoYesYes** Toyota Plug-in Prius (PHEV) 11 miles* MaybeYes** Which PEV commuters could benefit from reliable charging at work? 7 * Depending on how it is driven, may use both gas & electricity. ** Not sufficient range to complete trip on electricity alone.

8. Significant PEV savings: Long Distance Commuter with workplace charging 8 3 year lease 19,306 miles per year: 66 mile roundtrip commute; 20 miles per weekend day Based on Tom Saxton, Plug In America http://www.pluginamerica.org/drivers-seat/leasing-plug-vehicle-total-cost-ownership Vehicle Stnd Prius C-Max EnergiVoltLEAF S Monthly Lease Payment$358$306$269$199 Due at signing$1,008$951$2,399$1,999 Lease Term (years)3333 Fuel $/Month$125$85$60$59 Total Monthly Cost$606$513$489$406 Monthly Savings vs. Prius$0$93$117$200 Total Savings vs. Prius$0$3,351$4,217$7,200 Gas Cost: $4/gallon average over period. Efficiency: MPG = EPA Combined City/Highway; Watts/mile = EPA rating. Electricity: $0.11 per kWh average over period. $0.15 per mile over 12,000 miles per year additional lease cost. Maintenance: Not included. Lower for PEV. Home Charging Station Costs: Not included. L2 plus installation would add ~$1,000 initial.

9. Energy efficiency provides benefits by reducing load, while transportation electrification provide benefits by increasing load. Increasing the use of electricity for transportation provides net benefits for both society [petroleum displacement, GHG reduction, PM reduction, NOx+ROG reduction] and utility ratepayers.

10. Roundtrip Commuters to Seattle CBD Source: Puget Sound Regional Council 2006 Activity Survey

11. Share of Emissions by Sector for Washington Source: Washington State GHG Inventory, 1990 – 2010

12. U.S. GHG Emissions from Transportation Sources, 2010 Source: Developed using data from U.S. EPA, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2010.

13. U.S. Transportation Energy Use by Mode (2010) Source: U.S. Department of Energy. Transportation Energy Data Book, Table 2.5, 2011. Transportation Energy Data Book

14. Transportation is 2 nd largest expense for most households 14 49% Disposable Income 19% Transportation 13% Food 11% Insurance 9% Other 6% Healthcare 5% Entertainment 4% Apparel Source: Federal Highway Administration