1. SC.912.e.6.1
Describe and differentiate the layers of Earth and the interactions among them.

2. Earth Structures - The scientific theory of plate tectonics provides the framework for much of modern geology. Over geologic time, internal and external sources of energy have continuously altered the features of Earth by means of both constructive and destructive forces. All life, including human civilization, is dependent on Earth's internal and external energy and material resources.  

3. 9.5 Mechanism of Plate Motion
Chapter 9: Plate Tectonics
Online Field Trips
Chapter Quiz
Study Guide Summary (PowerPoint presentation)
Web Quest: What if Pangaea Had Never Broken Up?
Web Resources
Continental Drift: Links on continental drift
Actions at Plate Boundaries: Links on plate boundaries
Animations

4. Earth’s Formation
The four layers are the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust.
inner core
outer core
mantle
crust
lithosphere
asthenosphere
Inner Core
• solid
Outer Core
• liquid

5. Earth’s Formation
The four layers are the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust.
inner core
outer core
mantle
crust
lithosphere
asthenosphere
Mantle
• solid with liquid properties
Crust
• solid

6. Earth’s Formation
The four layers are the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. The crust and top of the mantle are further classified by their properties into the lithosphere and the asthenosphere.
inner core
outer core
mantle
crust
lithosphere
Crust
Lithosphere
asthenosphere
Mantle
Asthenosphere

7. Describe the mechanisms of plate motion.
DAY 2
Mechanisms of Plate Motion
Describe the mechanisms of plate motion.
What drives the slow movement of the plates and the convection in the mantle?

8. Mechanisms of Plate Motion
Causes of Plate Motion
Mechanisms of Plate Motion
 Scientists generally agree that convection occurring in the mantle is the basic driving force for plate movement.
Convective flow is the motion of matter resulting from changes in temperature.

9. Mechanisms of Plate Motion
Causes of Plate Motion
Mechanisms of Plate Motion
 Slab-Pull and Ridge-Push
Slab-pull is a mechanism that contributes to plate motion in which cool, dense oceanic crust sinks into the mantle and “pulls” the trailing lithosphere along. It is thought to be the primary downward arm of convective flow in the mantle.
Ridge-push causes oceanic lithosphere to slide down the sides of the oceanic ridge under the pull of gravity. It may contribute to plate motion.

10. Plate Tectonics
slab pull
A force at a subduction boundary that the sinking edge of the subducting plate exerts on the rest of the plate.

11. Plate Tectonics
ridge push
A force that is exerted by cooling, subsiding rock on the spreading lithospheric plates at a mid-ocean ridge.

12. Mechanisms of Plate Motion
Causes of Plate Motion
Mechanisms of Plate Motion
 Mantle Convection
Mantle plumes are masses of hotter-than-normal mantle material that ascend toward the surface, where they may lead to igneous activity.
The unequal distribution of heat within Earth causes the thermal convection in the mantle that ultimately drives plate motion.

13. Plate Tectonics
mantle convection
A process by which heat from Earth’s inner and outer cores is transferred through the mantle.

14. Mantle Convection Models

15. Causes of Plate Movement
Plate Tectonics
Causes of Plate Movement
VOCABULARY
and slab pull are hypothetical models for the causes of plate movements.
Mantle convection,
ridge push,
mantle convection
ridge push
slab pull
Mantle convection
This image shows one model of how mantle convection may contribute to plate movement.
Mid-ocean ridge
Deep-sea trench
This image shows as section of the East Pacific Rise, a mid-ocean ridge.

16. Slab- Pull: where the descending slab pulls on the plate
Describe the mechanisms of plate motion.
What drives the slow movement of the plates and the convection in the mantle?
Slab- Pull: where the descending slab pulls on the plate
Ridge-Push: Force of gravity causing the cold lithosphere to move away from the ridge by sliding down over the asthenosphere, which gets more elevated toward the ridge
Mantle-Convection: motion caused by flow of hot, less dense material upwards and cold, more-dense material downward
The unequal distribution of heat with Earth’s interior drives plate motions

17. Create a table for Causes of Plate Motion include;
Day 3
Create a table for Causes of Plate Motion include;
personal definition and
illustration for each motion