1. USGS Oil and Gas Resource Assessments and Hydraulic Fracturing Brenda Pierce, U.S. Geological Survey June 8, 2012

2. Total Petroleum System Source Rock Armentrout, 2001

3. Conventional Reservoir Medium- grained, cross- bedded sandstone Thin section photomicrograph Spiro Sandstone Core slab

4. Continuous Reservoir Weakly Laminated Shale Strongly Laminated Shale (Slatt and others, 2011) Thin section photomicrographs Woodford Shale

5. QO Photomicrograph of an uncemented sandstone from the Jurassic Morrison Fm. Blue is epoxy that fills primary pores (between grains) and some secondary pores that have developed from partial dissolution of some detrital feldspar grains. Photomicrograph from a tight sandstone in the Bossier Fm. It is tight due to abundant quartz overgrowths (QO), and porosity exists between adjacent quartz overgrowths

6. Goal of USGS Assessments

7. Continuous Methodology  Geologic characterization of assessment units  Drainage areas of wells (cell sizes)  Number of potential cells (tested and untested)  Engineering data – well production and performance  EUR (estimated ultimate recovery) distribution Woodford Shale – Horizontal Well Density

8. USGS Continuous Oil and Gas Resource Estimates http://energy.usgs.gov/OilGas/Asse ssmentsData/NationalOilGasAsses sment/AssessmentUpdates.aspx

9. USGS Shale Gas and Tight Gas Resource Estimates

10. Source rocks of the Alaska North Slope: estimates (95-percent to 5-percent probability) range from zero to 2 billion barrels of oil and from zero to nearly 80 trillion cubic feet of gas.

11. Example: Bakken Formation (2008) Mean total = 3.65 BBO (F95=3.0 BBO; F5=4.3 BBO) Changes result from improved geologic understanding, technological developments, other factors USGS 1995 Bakken Assessment: Mean total = 151 MMBO 973 MMBO 909 MMBO 868 MMBO 410 MMBO 485 MMBO Resource Assessments Change Over Time

12. http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=3750 Bakken Oil Production

13. U.S. Unconventional Gas Production Billions of Cubic Feet Year Coalbed Methane Shale Gas Source: Energy Information Administration

14. Hydraulic Fracturing Water use Chemicals used Fate of injected fluid Flowback quality

15. Collection of produced water Characterization, Impacts, and Use of Produced Waters USGS produced waters database and extent of U.S. shale gas plays Bakken Formation – extent of USGS assessment units and hydraulically, fractured wells.

16. http://energy.usgs.gov