1. Exploring Solar Energy

2. Review: Atomic Structure  Three particles  Nucleus  Electrostatic Force  Strong nuclear force © The NEED Project

3. Radiant Energy Nuclear Fusion © The NEED Project

4. Variances in Solar Radiation Northern Hemisphere Seasons © The NEED Project

5. Average Daily Solar Insolation Per Month © The NEED Project

6. Major Uses of Solar Energy o Daylight o Drying Agricultural Products o Space Heating o Water Heating o Generating Electrical Power o Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) o Photovoltaics © The NEED Project

7. Daylighting © The NEED Project

8. Daylighting © The NEED Project

9. Drying Agricultural Products © The NEED Project

10. Space Heating Through Passive Solar © The NEED Project

11. Passive Solar © The NEED Project

12. Active Solar Heating © The NEED Project

13. Solar Collector  Glass on outside  Absorbent on inside  Circulating Fluid © The NEED Project

14. Solar Thermal Collector Uses Source: Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Review Figure 10.7 http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/showtext.cfm?t=ptb1007 © The NEED Project

15. Generating Electrical Power  Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Trough systems Power towers  Heat exchanger plus steam turbine  Photovoltaics Small-scale (buildings) kW production Large-scale (utilities) MW production  Photoelectric effect © The NEED Project

16. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

17. Power Tower © The NEED Project

18. How a Power Tower Works © The NEED Project

19. Ivanpah, Mojave Desert  The United States houses the largest CSP plant in the Mojave Desert.  Ivanpah is operated by NRG. It uses 347,000 garage door-sized mirrors and 173,500 heliostats. Image courtesy of NRG Energy © The NEED Project

20. Photovoltaics © The NEED Project

22. PV Cell © The NEED Project

23. N-type © The NEED Project

24. P-type © The NEED Project

25. P-N Junction © The NEED Project

27. Conversion Efficiency © The NEED Project

28. PV Array Components  PV Cells  Modules  Arrays © The NEED Project

29. PV System Components © The NEED Project

30. Net Metering © The NEED Project

31. Net Metering Participation EIA: Electric Power Annual 2012 © The NEED Project

32. PV Array Fields © The NEED Project

33. Remote PV Power © The NEED Project

34. Total PV Installation Worldwide © The NEED Project Source: European Photovoltaic Industry Association

35. World Photovoltaic Capacity © The NEED Project US Department of Energy, NREL 2012 Renewable Energy Data Book

36. Global Regional PV Installations per Inhabitant © The NEED Project Source: European Photovoltaic Industry Association

37. Projected Global Photovoltaic Market © The NEED Project

38. Advantages of Solar Energy Clean Sustainable Free Provide electricity to remote places © The NEED Project

39. Disadvantages of Solar Energy  Less efficient and costly equipment  Part Time  Reliability Depends On Location  Environmental Impact of PV Cell Production © The NEED Project

40. Classroom Photovoltaics  Experiments help students understand the conditions needed for optimal power production  Focus of secondary-level solar curriculum  Use digital multimeters © The NEED Project

41. Using a Digital Multimeter Indicates voltage from alternating current. Do not use. DC Current Scale DC Voltage Scale Resistance Scale. Do not use. © The NEED Project

42. Wiring the PV Modules SeriesParallel © The NEED Project

43. For More Information The NEED Project www.need.org info@need.org 1-800-875-5029 Energy Information Administration U.S. Department of Energy www.eia.gov

44. NEED IS SOCIAL Stay up-to-date with NEED. “Like” us on Facebook! Search for The NEED Project, and check out all we’ve got going on! Follow us on Twitter. We share the latest energy news from around the country, @NEED_Project. Follow us on Instagram and check out the photos taken at NEED events, instagram.com/theneedproject. Follow us on Pinterest and pin ideas to use in your classroom, Pinterest.com/NeedProject.