1. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Typhoon Damage Impact Assessment Of Young-dong Region, Korea Park, Chang yong, Graduate Student, Department of Geography, College of Science, Konkuk University, kpotato@konkuk.ac.kr 1/25

2. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Hazard can be defined as the phenomena which human beings are damaged by natural or man-made actions. HAZARD NATURALMAN-MADE Introduction 2/25

3. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute NATURAL HAZARD METEOROLOGICAL HAZARD GEOLOGICAL HAZARD HYDROLOGICAL HAZARD EXTRATERRESTRIAL HAZARD METEOROLOGICAL HAZARD HEAVY RAINS HURRI- CANES TROPICAL STORMS TYPHO- ONS TORNA- DOS SNOW STORMS ICE STORMS THUND- ERSTOEMS ETC. As the major factor of meteorological hazard occurrence, typhoon cause wind hazard and flood in Korea. Introduction 3/25

4. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Damage’s rank YearMonth, Day Damage factor RefugeeLoss of life Economic loss (US $) 120028.30-9.1 Typhoon (RUSA) 63,0852465,595,562,190 219987.31-8.18Heavy rain24,5313241,402,573,821 319997.23-8.4 Heavy rain∙ Typhoon (OLGA) 25,327671,204,117,835 420028.4-8.11Heavy rain8,10723997,969,509 519909.9-9.12Heavy rain187,265163821,923,520 619877.15-7.16 Typhoon (THELMA) 99,516345671,118,420 719958.19-8.30 Heavy rain∙ Typhoon (JANIS) 24,14665616,932,118 819877.21-7.23Heavy rain50,472167565,126,085 919967.26-7.28Heavy rain16,93329560,158,117 1020027.25-7.27Heavy rain54,041128484,347,400 Rank of meteorological hazard in Korea by economic loss Introduction 4/25

5. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Economic losses of meteorological hazard classified by the factor for the period of 1993-2002 (US $) Etc. 6,502,382,450 4,354,683,213 48,153,303 2,104,628,786 Introduction 5/25

6. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute The number of typhoons are formed an annual average of twenty eight over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. There come more or less 9 typhoons invaded into Korea, however, two or three typhoons affected badly or landed in Korea. The strong typhoon usually arrived in August and affected in the order of July and September. Introduction 6/25

7. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Young-dong region in the Gangwon province was severely damaged due to consecutive 2 years typhoon "Rusa" in 2002 and typhoon "Maemi" in 2003. Generally, the number of losses of life have been decreased, while economic losses have been increased due to the development of technology. Introduction 7/25

8. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute 8/25 The purpose of the study Aimed to examine - the frequency, - the magnitude - direct/indirect damages Suggest to mitigate the advert impact of typhoon in the study area

9. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute The study area 9/25

10. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Data for grading of characteristics and impacts - precipitation, loss of life, economic loss, social impact Data to define total impacted areal extent - Typhoon track data Data 10/25

11. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Study period of typhoon track and the amount of precipitation are from 1974 to 2003. In case of typhoon damage, study period is from 1991 to 2002. For the amount of precipitation, data of the weather station in localized land forecast area is used. Sokcho, Gangneung and Daegwallyeong have existed data of whole study period, Donghae and Taebaek have exist data since 1992 and september 1985 respectively. Data 11/25

12. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Typhoon magnitude generally estimate to considerate central minimum pressure or central maximum wind speed. These definitions show the lowest central minimum pressure and the highest wind speed during the lifetime of typhoon until from the formation to the termination of typhoon. Thus, these definitions lack the regionality. Methods 12/25

13. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute It is better to use the amount of precipitation than air pressure because this study is typhoon damage impact assessment of the regional scale. Therefore, this study estimate the magnitude of typhoon invading in the Young-dong region using the amount of daily precipitation observed in five weather stations (Sokcho, Gangneung, Daegwallyeong, Donghae and Taebaek). Methods 13/25

14. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute The total number of typhoons occurring in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean from 1951 to 2004 are 1,444. Among these, 176 events invaded in Korea. Monthly distribution of typhoons The trend and the magnitude of typhoon 14/25

15. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Yearly distribution of typhoons Year The trend and the magnitude of typhoon 15/25

16. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute The amount of precipitation due to typhoon invading in the Young-dong region has been increasing but it is not significant statistically. Typhoon names invading in Gangneung and the amount of precipitation The trend and the magnitude of typhoon 16/25

17. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Frequencies of the extreme precipitation event due to typhoon have increased. 1974 -19941994-2003 Sokcho36 Gangnueng65 Daegwallyeong55 Frequencies above total precipitation 200mm due to typhoon during 1974-1994 and 1994-2003 The trend and the magnitude of typhoon 17/25

18. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Typhoon "Rusa" in 2002 caused the record heavy rain of 422mm in Sokcho, 760mm in Daegwallyeong and 898mm in Gangneung. Therefore, the frequency and the magnitude of typhoon affecting in Young-dong region have been increasing. 1974 -19991999-2003 Sokcho01 Gangnueng02 Daegwallyeong12 Frequencies above total precipitation 400mm due to typhoon during 1974-1999 and 1999-2003 The trend and the magnitude of typhoon 18/25

19. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Typhoon “Rusa” trackSatellite image of typhoon “Rusa” Damage analysis in Young-dong region 19/25

20. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Typhoon damages in Young-dong region YearLoss of lifeRefugeeEconomic loss (US $) 199147527,771,240 19922464,014,631 1993125334,866,558 199411136,221,782 199546925,837,686 199811,537,004 199912211,649,966 200010720,918,553 2002143412182,722,203,825 Damage analysis in Young-dong region 20/25

21. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Classification of economic loss (US $) YearStructureShip Agricultural land Public facilityOther facility 19912,500 8,0957,630,681129,963 199262580411,2157,927,9363,842,790 1993106,66149,4671,583,79032,315,440811,198 199419,128100,45547,2343,100,5022,954,461 199533,46610,0081,966,56323,381,067446,581 19988,696 563,603964,705 1999191,84725,60311,1705,577,5365,250,329 200044,0218,616 15,049,0105,816,904 200286,810,869329,552301,605,0352,121,846,282211,612,084 Damage analysis in Young-dong region 21/25

22. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Gangneung city is damaged the most extremely. Typhoon "Rusa" is estimated to cause 53 losses of life and 869,565,217$ in economic loss in Gangneung city. Damages in Samcheok city is estimated to be 25 losses of life and 510,869,565$ in economic loss and yangyang-gun is 23 losses of life and 456,521,739$ in economic loss. This area has not been recovered from the impact of typhoon “Rusa” yet, however, in 2003, typhoon “Maemi” invaded again destructed severely. Damage analysis in Young-dong region 22/25

23. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Frequencies, total amount of precipitation and heavy rain due to typhoon invading in Young-dong region have been increasing. Due to the advance of the hazard prevention system, the number of losses of life have decreased but economic losses have increased. Especially, public facilities were damaged the most extremely. Therefore, in order to make preparation for these situations, a hydrological system considering inflow and outflow is required. Results and suggestions 23/25

24. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute The Korean Government adjusted construction and structure design criteria level practically due to typhoon "Rusa" in 2002 and "Maemi" in 2003. Adjusted construction and structure design criteria construction and structure design criteria Enhanced level Design frequency of road drainage system 5 years → 10 years Flood design frequency (provincial river) 50~100 years → 50~200 years Levee enlargement (slope gradient) 1:2 → 1:3 Results and suggestions Central government should greatly enhance construction and structure design criteria level which are consulted with experts from a variety of fields. 24/25

25. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Rapid recover of government to be not damaged the same next the year is required. In order to mitigate the economic cost and the human loss, strengthening of preparedness activities such as planning, training, exercises & drills, emergency awareness & education and warming are required. Results and suggestions 25/25

26. Konkuk University Climate Research Institute Thank you for your attention