1. WATER SCARCITY
DESERTIFICATION

2. WHAT PROBLEMS DO THE PLANTS FACE HERE?

3. WHAT IS DESERTIFICATION
IN IRELAND WE DO NOT SUFFER FROM A LACK OF WATER
HOWEVER OTHER PLACES IN THE WORLD DO…..
THIS LACK OF WATER IS CALLED DROUGHT
THE DESERTS OF THE WORLD ARE GETTING BIGGER
THIS SPREADING OF THE DESERTS IS CALLED…..
DERSERTIFICATION

4. DROUGHTS
HAPPEN WHEN
THERE IS NO
WATER FOR
PALNTS TO GROW

5. CAUESES A LOT OF VERY BAD DROUGHTS HAVE HELPED CAUSE DESRTIFICATION
THESE DROUGHTS HAVE HAPPENED ON THE EDGE OF THE SAHARA DESERT IN AFRICA IN A PLACE CALLED THE SAHEL
THE SOIL DRIES UP BECAUSE THERE IS NO RAIN AND THEN PLANTS DIE
THE WIND THEN BLOWS THE SOIL AWAY

7. THE SAHEL AREA
OF AFRICA IS TURNING
TO DESERT
ONE COUNTRY THAT SUFFERS
FROM THIS IS MALI
EGYPT

8. DROUGHT IN ETHIOPIA

9. HOW TREES HELP
KEEP SOIL IN PLACE
THE ROOTS OF THE
TREES KEEP THE
SOIL IN PLACE
THE BRANCHES AND
LEAVES ON THE
SUN’S HEAT OFF
THE SOIL

10. PEOPLE HELP CAUSE DERSTIFICATION
THE POPULATION OF THESE PARTS OF AFRICA ARE GETTING BIGGER BECAUSE OF BETTER MEDICINES ETC.
THESE PEOPLE LIVING IN THE SAHEL NEED TO BE FED
THEY HAVE NO ELECTRICITY SO THEY CUT DOWN THE TREES FOR FIREWOOD
THAT MEANS THERE ARE NO ROOTS TO KEEP THE SOIL IN PLACE OR TO STOP THE SOIL FROM DRYING UPFROM THE SUN

11. BECAUSE THERE ARE NO TREES OR PLANTS
THE LAND IS TURNING INTO DESERT LAND
WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE REST OF THE LAND
IN TIME?

12. ANIMALS
THE SOIL GETS DRIED UP AND BLOWN AWAY BECAUSE PEOPLE KEEP CUTTING DOWN TREES
THE SAME HAPPENS WHEN TOO MANY ANIAMLS GRAZE ON THE LAND
THEY EAT WHAT LITTLE GRASS THERE IS AND SO NO GRASS GROWS BACK…..
THE PROBLEM IS THAT THIS IS THE ONLY WAY FOR THE FARMERS TO MAKE A LIVING
THIS PROBLEM IS CALLED OVERGRAZING

13. OVERGRAZING IN THE SHAEL

14. THE BEST LAND IS OWNED BY THE RICH FARMERS
THEY GROW CROPS THAT THEY SELL TO OTHER COUNTRIES
THESE CROPS ARE CALLED CASH CROPS (BECAUSES THEY ARE SOLD FOR MONEY)
THAT MEANS THE PEOPLE OF THE SAHEL ARE PUSHED ON TO THE LAND THAT IS NO GOOD FOR FARMING
THIS ALL HEPLS THE DESERT S GET BIGGER

15. CASH CROPS IN AFRICA

16. TREES ARE CUT DOWN FOR FIREWOOD
THERE IS NOTHING TO PROTECT THE SOIL
FROM THE SUN

17. RESULTS OF DERSERTIFICATION
FAMINE: AS THE DESERTS GET BIGGER PLANTS, ANIMALS AND PEOPLE DIE
PEOLE HAVE NO FOOD AND THEN DISEASE SPREADS
THIS HAS HAPPENED IN ETHIOPIA SUDAN AND SOMALIA IN THE PAST 20 YEARS

18. FAMINE IN SOMALIA

19. FAMINE IN ETHIOPIA

20. MILLIONS OF ACRES OF LAND IS NOW USELESS
PEOPLE HAVE BEEN FORCED TO LEAVE THEIR HOMES AND MIGRATE TO OTHER PALCES TO START A NEW LIFE
MANY OF THE PEOPLE END UP IN REFUGEE CAMPS BECAUSE THE COUNTRIES THEY ARE MOVING TO CAN NOT COPE

21. REFUGEE CAMPS

22. WE CAN SEE FROM THIS BAR GRAPH THAT OVERGRAZING
IS A BIG PROBLEM IN AFRICA AND ALSO ASIA
CAN YOU GIVE 1 REASON FOR THIS?

23. SANDSTORM

24. SOLUTIONS TO DESERTIFICATION
FARMERS COULD RE-PLANT TREES AND SHRUBS TO MAKE A SHELTER BELT
THIS WOULD PROTECT THE SOIL FROM THE SUN AND HELP STOP IT FROM BEING BLOWN AWAY
THEY COULD ALSO STOP OVERGRAZING OF THE LAND BY ANIMALS (NOT KEEP AS MANY)

25. WHAT ARE THE WOMEN
IN THIS PICTURE DOING?
THE WOMEN ARE
PLANTING TREES
TO MAKE A SHELTER
BELT
THIS IS TO PROTECT
THE SOIL FROM THE
SUN

26. SHELTER BELTS IN AFRICA

27. FARMERS MUST STOP FARMING IN THE OLD WAYS
THEY MUST LEARN NEW WAYS THAT WILL HELP BRING THE SOIL BACK TO LIFE
ONE OF THE WAYS THEY COULD DO THIS IS BY IRRIGATION

28. NEW FARMING IN THE SHAEL

29. WHAT IS IRRIGATION THIS IS ARTIFICIALY WATERING THE LAND
BY HOSES, PIPES , SPRINKLER ETC
THIS WOULD HELP KEEP THE LAND WET AND STOP IT FROM DRYING OUT
THIS WOULD ALSO HELP CROPS GROW AND STOP DESERTIFICATION FROM HAPPENING

30. IRRIGATION

31. CASE STUDY:THE NILE VALLEY PROJECT, EGYPT
THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS WERE FARMERS
THEY DEPENDED ON THE NILE RIVER TO FLOOD ONCE A YEAR FOR THEIR CROPS TO GROW
THE RIVER WOULD DROP FERTILE MUD ON THE FIELDS AND ASLO WATER THE LAND
THEY ALSO USED A SHADUF TO GET WATER FROM THE NILE RIVER ON TO THE FIELDS

32. THE RIVER NILE IN EGYPT

33. TOWNS IN
ANCIENT
EGYPT
WERE BUILT
BESIDE THE
RIVER NILE

34. FARMERS HAD THEIR FARMS ON THE BANKS OF
THE NILE……WHY DO YOU THINK THEY DID THIS?

35. THIS IS THE NILE DELTA?
WHAT IS A DELTA?
THE NILE FLOWED INTO
THE MEDITERRANENAN
SEA
CAN YOU SEE THE
SAHARA DESERT ON
SATELLITE PICTURE?

36. TODAY THEY BUILT A DAM ACROSS THE
NILE TO CONTROL THE RIVER
THIS DAM IS CALLED THE ASWAN HIGH DAM
IT IS PART OF THE EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENTS PLAN TO MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS ENOUGH WATER FOR EVERYBODY ALL YEAR ROUND

37. THE ASWAN HIGH DAM……LOOK AT THE PICTURE
WHAT WAS A DAM?

38. REASONS FOR THE PROJECT
TO CONTROL THE FLOODING THAT HAPPENS IN EARLY SPRING
(THIS IS BECAUSE THE SNOW MELTS HIGH IN THE MOUNTAINS AND ENDS UP IN THE NILE RIVER)
THE DAM CAN ALSO MAKE HYDRO-ELECTRICITY FOR ALL THE PEOPLE OF EGYPT

39. THE DAM ON THE NILE: THE WATER BEING LET
OUT

40. THE WATER IN THE RIVER NILE WILL BE STORED BEHIND THE DAM WALL
THIS WILL BE A RESERVOIR (A PLACE TO STORE WATER UNTIL IT IS NEEDED)
THE WATER IN THE RESEVOIR CAN BE LET OUT WHEN EVER IT IS NEEDED. THIS WOULD HELP THE FARMERS GROW MORE FOOD FOR THE PEOPLE

41. THIS IS HOW
THEY BUILT THE
ASWAN HIGH DAM
CAN YOU TELL HOW
DEEP THE
RESERVOIR WAS ?

42. COMPLETING THE PROJECT
THE ASWAN HIGH DAM WAS BUILT ACROSS THE NILE
AN ARTIFICIAL LAKE WAS MADE BEHIND THE DAM WALL
THIS LAKE WAS CALLED LAKE NASSER
A HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION WAS BUILT IN THE DAM WALL
(BIG WHEELS PUT IN AND WHEN THAT WATER PASSES THROUGH THEM THEY TURN AND MAKE ELECTRICTY

44. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE DAM
BUILDING A DAM LIKE THIS CAN STOP A RIVER FROM FLOWING
THIS CAN HELP SOLVE PROBLEMS FOR PEOPLE
HOWEVER IT CAN ALSO CAUSE PROBLEMS……CAN YOU DESCRIBE SOME OF THESE?

45. THE RIVER
NILE
ASWAN
HIGH DAM
LAKE NASSER

46. ADVANTAGES THE FARMERS HAVE MORE WATER FOR THEIR CROPS TO GROW
THEY ALSO HAVE WATER ALL YEAR ROUND
MORE FOOD CAN BE GROWN
NOW FARMERS CAN GROW 3 CROPS A YEAR INSTEAD OF ONLY 1 IN ANCIENT TIMES

48. CROPS ARE GROWN UP TO 3 TIMES A YEAR
NOW BY FARMERS ALONG THE NILE

49. NOW LARGE AMOUNT OF HYDRO-ELECTRICITY IS MADE
THIS IS GOOD FOR HOMES AND FOR INDUSTRY IN EGYPT

50. LOOKING DOWNSTREAM FROM THE ASWAN DAM

51. DISADVANTAGES OF THE DAM
TO BUILD THE DAM FARMERS HAD TO MOVE
THIS WAS BECAUSE THE LAND WOULD BE FLOODED BEHIND THE DAM WALL
THIS LAND WAS FERTILE LAND (GOOD FOR GROWING CROPS) AND NOW IT IS UNDER WATER

52. FERTILE LAND WAS
NOW FLOODED
CAN YOU SPOT
WHAT THE
RESERVOIR CAN
BE USED FOR?

53. THE RIVER NOW DROPS ALL THE FERTILE MUD ON THE BOTTOM OF THE RESERVOIR
THIS MEANS FARMS ALONG THE NILE NO LONGER GET THIS FERTILE MUD TO HELP THEIR CROPS GROW
THIS ALSO MEANS THAT THE NILE DELTA IS GETTING SMALLER

54. VERY FEW NUTRIENTS FOR FISH ARE CARRIED DOWNSTREAM
THIS MEANS THERE IS NOW LESS FISH IN THE RIVER NILE
FISHERMEN ALONG THE NILE ARE NOT CATCHING MUCH FISH AS ARESULT