1. Stephanie Jones Stebbins Seaport Environmental Programs
Senior Manager
Seaport Environmental Programs
Port of Seattle

2. Ports and Climate Change
Understanding our Footprint
Port of Seattle Projects and Programs
Green Gateway Initiative
Ports and Climate Change Adaptation

3. Puget Sound Maritime Air Emissions Inventory
2005 activity based inventory
Spans ~140 miles south-to-north; 160 miles west-to-east
Close coordination Canada
First to include greenhouse gases
This is the largest effort of its kind ever done.
$1 million plus project.
All parts of the supply chain – ships, CHE, trucks & trains associated w/that cargo.
Industry, port, regulator, & public interest group involvement in designing & managing the study.

4. 2005 Port of Seattle Seaport CO2e
181,271 tons

5. Maritime Gas Emissions % of Regional Total
Graph created from information found in Puget Sound Maritime Air Emissions Inventory (Section 2 Summary Results, Table 2.12) page 134, April 2007.

6. Climate change – we seek GHG emissions reductions as a co-benefit
Climate change – we seek GHG emissions reductions as a co-benefit. Particularly in the area of efficiency, anything we do to speed flow & reduce idling reduces GHG emissions.
Clear performance standards, flexibility in how they are met. Plan includes a menu of approaches, but collaborative decisions as to how to implement.
Source categories:
Harbor craft
Rail
Trucks
Ocean-going vessels
Cargo-handling equipment
Short term & long term targets
Developing implementation details in 2008, including funding, verification. 6

7. How Will this Reduce GHGs?
GHG reductions will be achieved through co-benefits associated with reducing diesel particulate matter
Co-benefit actions include:
Switching to electricity or alternative fuels
Operational efficiency improvements
Support goals established by State, Provincial, and Federal governments
United States
Washington Climate Change Challenge: Governor Gregoire aims to reduce Washington State greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 and to 25% below 1990 levels by This would be a reduction of 10 million and 30 million metric tons, respectively, below 2004 levels.
Western Governor’s Climate Initiative
Canada
British Columbia GHG Cap and Trade Act
British Columbia GHG Reductions Target Act: Reduce B.C.'s greenhouse gas emissions by at least 33% below current levels by 2020 (10% below 1990)

8. Reducing Fuel Consumption
Anti-Idling
Equipment idle controls
Road/Rail grade
separations
Terminal Efficiencies
On and near-dock rail yards
Gate improvements
Using technology to improve turn times
Converted Toyota Prius to plug-in electric

9. Using Alternatives Shore Power at Terminal 91 Cruise Facility
Hybrid rubber tired gantry cranes at Terminal 18
Renewable Fuels
Biodiesel in Port-owned equipment
20% biodiesel at 2 container terminals

10. Terminal Electrification
26 electric ship to shore cranes
BNSF Railway North Seattle International Gateway is the first in North America to install wide-span, electric rail mounted gantry cranes
2,560 electric plug-Ins for refrigerated containers (“reefers”)

11. Resource Use and Conservation
Sustainable Facility Management
Energy Conservation Efforts:
Port of Seattle Headquarters: 43% reduction in energy use: $126K annual savings
Pier 66: 58% reduction in energy use: $156K annual savings
Recycling and Waste Reduction
900% increase in recycling in 5 years
Sustainable facility management
Total cost of ownership; Building design and operations
Water & energy use reduction programs, 19% water reduction, 25% energy reduction, 900% increase in recycling over last 5-years
Energy Use
Pier 69 energy use: Electrical usage in 2006 was the lowest since we initiated our energy conservation program — 43% lower than  pre-program level
Pre-program consumption averaged 4.77 million KWH annually consumption was 2.71 million KWH, a reduction of over 2 million KWH, which at today's rates is a $126,000 annual reduction in operating expense
2002 usage 4,115,704 kwh
2006 usage 1,710,903 kwh
2,404,801 kwh
58.4% less electricity used
$162, savings
$156, savings

13. The Green Gateway Overview
First study to evaluate the carbon footprint of Asia to North America trade routes
Origin ports of Hong Kong, Shanghai, Singapore
U.S. gateway ports of Seattle, Oakland, Los Angeles/Long Beach, Houston, Savannah, Norfolk, New York/New Jersey
Destination Cities of Memphis, Columbus, Chicago
Analysis determined tons carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per TEU
Independent review (academics, industry)
First assessment to evaluate the carbon impacts of the transportation supply chain from origin to destination
“Carbon Footprint Study for the Asia to North America Intermodal Trade”
Conducted by Herbert Engineering for Port of Seattle

14. The Green Gateway Implications
The West Coast ports are the most energy-efficient gateways from Asia to U.S. consumers
The Pacific Northwest ports have a slightly lower carbon footprint from Asia than any other port in North America
Study adds data to the emerging field of carbon footprint assessments of supply chains
West Coast Ports: as compared to all-water services through the Panama Canal and all-water services through the Suez Canal departing Shanghai or Hong Kong

15. The Green Gateway Results

16. Adaptation Concerns and Challenges
Increased storm events: damage to facilities
Sea Level Rise: Container terminals are currently built to 18’ above ‘0’ tide
Supply chain disruption
Ports in Asia may feel impacts of sea level rise before ports in North America
Possible routing changes as a result of storm events
Facility vulnerability assessment
Underway, expected completion Q1 2010
High tide is 14’, with wave action pushing tide up to 17’
Predicted 1’ sea level rise would push storm surges over the bull rail and inundate electrical trenches with salt water
Sea level rise may result in ships stacked 6 high being unable to fit underneath cranes during high tide

17. Looking Ahead….
Continue implementation of the Northwest Ports Clean Air Strategy
Work with tenants and customers to reduce emissions and fuel consumption
Seeking to better understand our footprint
Engaged in regional, national, and international efforts to address emissions from goods movement
Increase Adaptation Efforts

18. Stephanie Jones Stebbins