1. Renewable Energy in Africa Status and Prospects
AFREPREN/FWD

2. Overview Background on energy supply and consumption in Africa
AFREPREN/FWD’s assessment of RETs development in Africa
How the penetration of RETs could be improved

3. Background on energy supply and consumption in Africa

4. Energy Supply in Africa
Africa produces less than 10% of the world’s energy supply
Type
Amount (Mtoe)
Percentage
Solar/wind/tide
0.058
0.01
Geothermal
0.680
0.06
Nuclear
3.300
0.30
Hydro
7.300
0.66
Petroleum Products
11.69
Gas
11.81
Coal
12.64
Biomass *
24.74
Crude Oil
38.08
Total 1,
100.00
* Biomass refers to combustible renewables (mainly fuelwood, charcoal and agro-residues) and waste
Source: IEA, 2005

5. Energy Consumption in Africa
* Biomass refers to combustible renewables (mainly fuelwood, charcoal and agro-residues) and waste
Source: IEA, 2005

6. African Energy Sector – 3 distinct regions
North Africa – oil and gas sub-region
South Africa – coal sub-region
Sub-Saharan Africa – biomass region

7. Population With No Electricity (Millions) A few successes (Ghana, Mauritius, S. Africa, Zimbabwe)

8. Status of Renewables in Africa
Africa is endowed with substantial renewable energy resources

9. AFREPREN/FWD’s assessment of RETs development in Africa

10. Emphasis on Conventional Energy Options
Higher proportion of funding allocated to conventional energy sector - large-scale hydro and petroleum
Ethiopia: Virtually entire energy budget allocated to conventional large scale investments
Smaller scale renewables largely left out (even dominant biomass is ignored)
Results – contributes to low levels of access to modern energy which, in turn, contribute to increased poverty

12. Energy Pyramid Need for Better Balance

13. Why Promote Renewables in Africa? Implications for the Poor
Significant energy resource potential exists
Conventional energy supply unreliable and not reaching the poor
Enhance competitiveness of agro-industries
Job creation potential

14. Estimated Job Creation Potential
Energy Option
Construction, manufacturing and installation (Employees/MW)
Operation and maintenance (Employees/MW)
Total Employment (Employees/MW)
Geothermal
4.00
1.70
5.70
Wind
2.51
0.27
2.78
Natural gas
1.00
0.10
1.10
Coal
0.74
1.01

15. Energy as % of Cost of Production

16. How Can Penetration of Renewable Energy in Africa be Improved?

17. How Can Penetration of RE be Improved?
Rationale for promoting renewables not well argued
Climate change and environmental concerns not applicable in Africa
Solid rationale for promoting renewables :
Enhancing modern energy access to the poor
Availability of plentiful and cost-competitive renewables (hydro & geothermal)
Ability to provide cost-competitive energy services to remote rural settlements
Significant job and enterprise creation potential
Increased attention towards non-electrical RETs

18. Non-electrical Options for Poverty Alleviation
Low cost but more efficient biomass-based combustion
Improved cookstoves (household and institutional)
Efficient charcoal kilns, brick making kilns
fish smokers, tea dryers and wood dryers
Pico and micro hydro for shaft power
Can be used to process agricultural produce, increase its value and pump water for irrigation
Low cost efficient tools and equipment using human or animal energy
Increase the agricultural productivity of the rural poor
E.g Treadle pumps for small-scale irrigation

19. Non-electrical Options
Solar dryers
Can lower post-harvest losses and enable the rural farmers market their produce when prices are higher
Solar water pasteurizers
Provide clean potable water and reduce water borne diseases, which translates to increased availability of labor and thus increases agricultural output
Solar water heaters
Significant reduction in electricity load for heating water, and significant potential for local manufacture and assembly

20. Case Study: Treadle Irrigation Pump
Simple, low-cost pumping technologies for irrigation and water supply
Use in irrigation increases incomes of rural farmers by over ten-fold
45,000 pumps in use by poor farmers in Kenya and Tanzania
29,000 new waged jobs created
70% of pumps managed by women
4 manufacturers in the region, with over 200 retailers selling pumps in Kenya, Tanzania and Mali

21. Case Study: Windpump for Water Supply in Remote Rural Areas

23. Case Study: Improved Charcoal Kenya Ceramic Jiko
One of the most successful stove projects in Africa
Made of metal cladding with a wide base and a ceramic liner (safer to use - cooler on the outside)
In use in about 100% of urban households in Kenya (16% of rural homes)
2.6 million stoves in use in Kenya alone (cumulative production now over 15 million)
Fully self-sustaining using locally produced materials and skills – generated jobs & new enterprises
Reduces charcoal consumption by 30-50%

24. Case Study: Improved Charcoal Kenya Ceramic Jiko
KCJ in use in Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Ethiopia, Zambia, Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi & Senegal
Being introduced in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Ghana and Madagascar

25. Thank You Contacts AFREPREN/FWD Elgeyo Marakwet Close, Kilimani
P. O. Box 30979, GPO
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: /
Fax: / /
Website: