1. EPA Air Policy Perspectives Presentation to 2 nd Workshop on Intercontinental Transport and Climatic Effects of Air Pollutants (ICAP) Chapel Hill, NC 21 November 2003 John Bachmann Associate Director for Science/Policy and New Programs OAQPS/Office of Air and Radiation

2. EPA Policy Priorities Domestic traditional air pollution agenda –Implementing ozone and PM2.5 national ambient air quality standards –Reviewing and potential revisions of ozone and PM NAAQS Background Regional and local effects on weather and climate –Reducing risk of air toxics – local, persistent –Integrated programs for major source categories –Issue: how does international transport affect these programs? International Policy Issues – International Agreements –US/Canada/Mexico –Transport from Asia, transport to Europe Understanding climate interactions –Integrating climate and international/regional air pollution issues –Effects of air pollution on global/regional scale climate –Effects of global climate change on air pollution

3. PM Regulatory Schedules 8-hr Ozone Standards 2004EPA makes nonattainment designations 2005-09 New NOx Rule/NAAQS Review 2007-08 States develop/submit SIPs 2007-08 EPA approves SIPs 2007-19 Attainment deadlines vary PM 2.5 Standards (fine particles) 2004EPA makes nonattainment designations, complete NAAQS review 2004EPA Issues CAIR SOx/NOx transport 2004-08States develop/submit SIPs, complete current NAAQS review 2008-09EPA approves SIPs 2010-14 Attainment deadlines, new NAAQS review Regional Haze Program 2007-08 States submit regional haze SIPs 2008-09 EPA approves SIPs 2013-18 Plants must install BART or comply with backstop trading program Mobile Source Program 2004Non-road diesel proposal 2003--Other non-road categories 2004Tier 2 becomes effective 2007 HD diesel rules effective

4. International transport/climate interactions Scale: global/regional * in 106 kg/year/1ox1o grid (David Streets & Tami Bond, 2002) Global Black Carbon Emissions Asia a Priority: Air Quality/Health Improvements have climate benefits CO 2 (1.4) Black Carbon PM (1.4) Ozone Air Pollution (PM and O3) significant Climate Forcers Modeling intercontinental ozone transport – significant component of background

5. Climate change is not always global INDOEX, other preliminary work suggest significant potential of BC aerosol for affecting hydrologic cycle on a regional basis Significant effects of Asian pollution on health, crops Short-life of conventional pollutants suggests rapid response to reductions

6. Intercontinental Transport - impact to US & others? –Need improved global/regional emission inventories for O 3 and PM precursors partitioned by source sectors –Need nested global and regional models –Need policy-relevant future emission projections Climatic Effects of AP - direct and indirect effects? –Need global climate/chemistry model to estimate climate response for selected policy-relevant emission projections, –Develop approaches for quantifying direct and indirect climate responses on the perturbation of climate-forcing pollutants U.S. & other developed countries’ emissions – impact to air quality in other regions? Issue: air pollution effects on climate – prospects for integration