Introduction to the Architecture of Arc GIS

Introduction to the Architecture of Arc GIS
------Using GIS-- Introduction to GIS Lecture 2: Introduction to the Architecture of Arc GIS By Austin Troy University of Vermont

© 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved
Introduction to GIS What is Arc GIS? Arc GIS Desktop is a software product from ESRI It comes in three versions: ArcView-basic Arc Editor -intermediate Arc Info-most functionality, but most $$$ We are using Arc Info With each step up, you have more versatility in terms of tools of analysis and the types of data you can view, edit and analyze. © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Components of Arc GIS All installation levels of Arc GIS come with: Arc Map (now includes toolbox in Arc 9.0) Arc Catalog The Arc Info installation also comes with Arc Info Workstation, Arc Reader, Arc Objects Developer Tools and Arc Scene © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Components of Arc GIS How do you access these? Go to the start menu>>programs>>ArcGIS and you’ll see all the components you have access to © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Arc Catalog This button allows you to connect to a local folder or a network place In this course, all data and work will be stored on your Zoo account. In lab we’ll learn to “map a network” drive to your Zoo account, so it looks no different from saving to your local machine. This will be your Z drive. © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Arc Catalog Once you’ve mapped your network drive, you can open an Arc Catalog connection to it Once you’ve mapped your network drive, you can open an Arc Catalog connection to it, or to a subfolder in it © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Arc Catalog Now I can preview my files, view information about all the data layers in a particular folder, like here where I have data related to lab 4. There are five types of data shown here Geodatabase Coverage Tabular data Shapefile Arc Map Project file © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Data types What do these different data types refer to? Shapefile: native file format for the old ArcView; perhaps the most common spatial data format Coverage: native file format for old ArcInfo 7.x Is not a file, but a complex directory structure Dbase/tabular data: non-spatial data table that can be used in a GIS, spreadsheet or database--.dbf Map document: This is like a project file—it stores your map view and preferences in Arc GIS; we’ll get into this later © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Data types Geodatabase: This is ArcGIS’s new data model for storing geographic information It can contain any number of layers within it, known as “feature classes.” Shapefile have only one feature class As an example, here is a geodatabase with three layers, as seen in Arc Catalog © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Geodatabase In a geodatabase, features classes can either be stand alone, as in the last slide, or part of a “feature data set,” which is a thematic grouping of layers Here we have a geodatabase with two “feature data sets”—one for land resources and one for water Feature data sets Feature classes © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Geodatabase In a geodatabase there are features classes for points, lines and areas (polygons) as well as for rasters (surfaces), annotation (labels) and dimensions Polygon, or area feature class Line, or arc feature class Annotation class: stores info about displaying labels on a map layer; important for roads and utilities © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Geodatabase Geodatabases offer numerous advantages: Multiple spatial layers and non-spatial data sources can be stored in a single file and organized thematically Rules can be easily defined that can apply to all classes These rules can include relationships between layers For instance if you have one subclass with water lines and one with water valves, you can ensure that if you move a water line, the water valve that connects that line will move as well, or it ensures that, say, if the material attribute for a water line is set to copper, the water valves that connect to it will also be copper © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Geodatabase Other advantages: Spatial layers maintain the same measurement and geographic reference systems, because new layers added to the geodatabase can “inherent” properties of existing ones Labeling “behavior” can be stored as an annotation feature class, making it easier to keep labels consistent “Domains” can be established, which specify the valid ranges of values for attributes, which reduces input error. © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Geodatabase Types: Personal or multiple user We will use personal geodatabases. These are actually Microsoft Access files with the .MDB file extension. The “back end” of the geodatabase can be opened in Access, but it can only be viewed spatially in Arc GIS With Access you can edit and query attribute tables and manage relationships between feature classes with all the functionality of a relational database management system A multi-user (SDE) geodatabase is for organizations that wish to have many people accessing the same database. These are used with enterprise database systems, like Oracle, Informix or SQL Server © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Arc Catalog: data management
Introduction to GIS Arc Catalog: data management Arc Catalog is where you can create and modify geodatabases. You can create new feature classes, tables or relationship classes within a geodatabase You can also import existing shapefiles or coverages into a geodatabase or export a feature class to a shapefile © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Arc Catalog: data management
Introduction to GIS Arc Catalog: data management Through right clicking, you can access the properties of a feature subclass and make changes to fields for the feature class’ attribute table © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Arc Catalog: Online data
Introduction to GIS Arc Catalog: Online data Arc Catalog also allows you to access some data directly from the Internet It comes preloaded with a connection to the Geography Network, where many layers are available through the Arc Internet Map Server (IMS) service ; other Internet connections can be added © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Arc Catalog: Online data
Introduction to GIS Arc Catalog: Online data Geography network data: © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Arc Catalog:Functionality
Introduction to GIS Arc Catalog:Functionality Arc Catalog allows you to preview geographic data, including geodatabase feature classes Use these buttons to zoom and pan © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Arc Catalog: Functionality
Introduction to GIS Arc Catalog: Functionality You can also get “metadata,” or data about the data (we’ll go into this more later in the semester) Arc Catalog standardizes this information and allows you to import and export metadata between layers © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Arc Map While Arc Catalog is where you’ll do most of your data management, Arc Map is where you’ll do most of your mapping and visualization of spatial data This is the default upper tool and menu bar Change map’s display scale (zoom factor) Zoom to full extent Find feature Zoom tools Add new layer measure Select feature © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Arc Map: overlaying data
Introduction to GIS Arc Map: overlaying data Using the add data button, you can overlay any number of layers for which geographic reference information exists. © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Arc Map: overlaying data
Introduction to GIS Arc Map: overlaying data The window on the left side of Arc Map is the Table of Contents, where loaded layers are listed There are 2 mode for the TOC: display and source Display: note that it gives a symbol for the feature type Source mode: can see that the first 3 layers are from 1 geodatabase and the fourth is from a stand alone file © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Arc Map: properties You can access many functions by right clicking on the layer in the TOC. This is the easiest way to access the attribute table of a layer You can also access layer properties by double clicking on that layer: much functionality is found there © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Arc Map: Layouts Arc Map can view in two modes: data view: for viewing, analyzing and manipulating data layout view: for laying out data for presentation © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Arc Map: Measurement Units
Introduction to GIS Arc Map: Measurement Units Two of the most important properties are Map and Display units. Where the Map units are already set (because reference info exists) they will be “grayed out” but display units are still changeable. When the units are unknown to the system (reference info not embedded in the file) you’ll see: This turns into guesswork © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Arc Map: Units Once you’ve set display units, future geographic measurement functions should be in those units, even if they’re different from the Map units; however, this does not apply to non-spatial attribute values If you use the ruler tool for instance, measurements will be in the selected Display units at the bottom of the page © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Arc Map: Scale What is scale?? Translation factor between one unit on the map and same unit in the real world Arc Map allows you to view what scale you’re looking at, but take it with a grain of salt because of differences in monitors. Every time you rezoom, it recalculates scale, but can also change scale to rezoom 1 inch is 1.98 million inches in real world © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Arc Map: Extensions Arc Map has optional extensions, some of which cost money. We have most of them installed. Activate by going to Tools>>extensions Each extension has a different purpose. 3D analyst allows modeling of 3D data, Spatial analyst allows modeling of continuous surfaces, geostatistical analyst further increases surface modeling capability and X tools is a general tool box © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to GIS Arc Map: toolbars When you load Arc Map it defaults to a state with a minimum of toolbars. You can add more toolbars representing more functionality, including extensions from the view menu. © 2005 by Austin Troy. All rights reserved

Introduction to the Architecture of Arc GIS

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