1. Human Language Technologies

2. Issue Corporate data stores contain mostly natural language materials. Knowledge Management systems utilize rich semantic models. It is challenging to link the natural language materials in the data stores to the semantic models in the Knowledge Management systems.

3. A Pair of Definitions Semantic annotation Process of tying semantic models and natural language together The dynamic creation of bidirectional relationships between ontologies and unstructured/semi-structured documents Ontology based information extraction (OBIE) Differs from traditional information extraction through use of an ontology. Ontology serves as a schema for the output AND as input data

4. Results Authors implemented two methods of ontology based information extraction: ML algorithm to take advantage of hierarchical class structure. ML techniques targeted at linguistic features identified Compared to two ML methods without use of ontologies, the OBIE approaches performed better.

5. CLIE and CLOnE Authors recognized that the layman would find it difficult to create ontologies to be used for OBIE. CLIE (Controlled Language Information Extraction) “an application which will allow users to design, create, and manage information spaces without knowledge of complicated standards… or ontology engineering tools” CLOnE Sublanguage of English Allows for conversion of natural language statements to ontology elements