1. Aditya Pavan Kumar.T (08FE1A0202) VIGNAN’S LARA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE 1

2. CONTENTS Abstract Objective Introduction Penetration AC Based Hybrid System Benefits Technical Difficulties Conclusion References 2

3. Abstract: A wind-diesel hybrid system combines wind turbine(s)with diesel generator(s) to obtain a maximum contribution by the intermittent wind resource while providing continuous high quality electric power. 3

4. Objective: Reduce system fossil fuel consumption The more energy you use from your non-renewable utility provider, the more these non-renewable resources are wasted and the more harm is done to the environment. 4

5. Introduction: Wind power is expected to be economically attractive, but wind power generation is variable and unpredictable. The hybrid wind power with diesel generation has been suggested (Hunter, 1994) and (Lipmann, 1989) to handle the problem above. A hybrid wind diesel system is very reliable because the diesel acts as a cushion to take care of variation in wind speed and would always maintain an average power equal to the set point. 5

6. BLOCK DIAGRAM 6

7. Penetration: Instantaneous Penetration: Instantaneous Penetration = Wind Power Output (kW) ––––––––––––––––––––––––. Primary Electrical Load (kW) Average Penetration: Average Penetration Wind Energy Produced (kWh) = –––––––––––––––––––––––––––. Primary Energy Demand (kWh) 7

8. AC Based Hybrid System Low penetration systems -Wind acts as a negative load, very little control or integration of wind turbines into the power system is needed. Medium penetration systems -Wind becomes a major part of the power system but diesel engines still provide much of the system power control. Additional components and limited supervisory control required to assist diesels in maintaining power quality. High penetration systems -Completely integrated power system with advanced control. Diesel generators shut off when not needed. Limited operational control of system by plant staff. 8

9. AC Based Hybrid System 9

10. Low Penetration System: Generally easy integration with existing diesel system, little or no diesel modifications required. Diesel engines provide all frequency, voltage and reactive power control requirements. Switch gear would need to be modified to add turbines and turbine control software installed. Modest fuel savings of up to ~20% possible 10

11. 11

12. Medium Penetration System Diesel(s) are expected to operate at all times and provide main system stability control. Will need devices to help control system frequency, eliminate excess energy and provide VAR support. Secondary diesels may be shut off when not needed, reduces diesel operating hours and fuel use. In high peak wind periods, primary diesel runs at low loading. 12

13. Medium Penetration System 13

14. High Penetration System Use of wind allows all diesel engines to shut down during mid to high wind periods, reducing fuel consumption and operation hours Other hardware used to maintain system voltage, frequency, and reactive power requirements System controller continually monitors power system and dispatched equipment as needed to maintain system integrity 14

15. High Penetration System (without Storage) 15

16. High Penetration System (With Storage) 16

17. Benefits: Reduced system operating costs. Reduced environmental impacts. Reduced fuel consumption. Can be the most economic option where fuel is expensive and the renewable energy source is good. Increased Reliability 17

18. Technical difficulties: High cost: Power in rural areas is always expensive, but many elements drive up the cost of wind in rural areas. New Technology: Wind-diesel technologies are relatively new, implementation in rural areas can be operationally challenging. 18

19. Conclusions: Given good wind resource and adequate project density,high penetration wind-diesel systems can provide least life cycle cost of electricity in remote communities. Isolated communities, mining sites and other industrial outposts need to replace their expensive, polluting diesel generators with hybrid power systems that use wind. 19

20. References: Ackermann, T. (2005), Wind Power in Power Systems, John Wiley & Sons. Hunter R.E.G. (1994), Wind-diesel systems a guide to technology and its implementation, Cambridge University Press. Lipman NH. (1989), Wind-diesel and autonomous energy systems, Elservier Science Publishers Ltd. Bhatti T.S., Al-Ademi A.A.F. & Bansal N.K. (1997), Load frequency control of isolated wind diesel hybrid power systems, International Journal of Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 39, pp. 829-837. http://www.iser.uaa.alaska.edu/Publications/wind_diesel10022010.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_hybrid_power_systems http://energy-alaska.wikidot.com/wind-diesel-applications 20

21. Thank You 21