1. Web Server Administration
The Basics of Server and Web Server Administration

2. Overview Review the Internet and the World Wide Web
Learn about server administration
Learn about Web server administration
Explore the common tasks and services performed by administrators
Examine networking building blocks
Compare Web server platforms

3. Overview

4. Understanding Server Administration
Server administrators
Focus on the LAN
Provide access to software and services
Make sure environment is reliable and consistent
Protection of system and database
Minimize harm that users can do to network
Access control
Focuses on the LAN and interacts with users

5. Working with Users
A LAN can server hundreds or even thousands of users
Users need to be productive
Reliable environment and equipments
Users like consistency
Roaming profiles allow users to have the same personalized desktop environment on multiple computers

6. Establishing Access Control
Users need just enough access to do their jobs, but not more
Protecting information
Typically, users are organized into groups, and groups are given access to network resources
User groups as students or faculty
Users can be given different access to the same resources
A document can be read by everyone but modified by only specific people

7. Understanding the Server Environment
Networks may have one or more servers
With Windows OS computers, servers, and users’ computers can be organized into domains in order to centralize the control
In Windows server 2000 and Windows server 2003, domains can be grouped into forests

8. Understanding Web server Administration
Web server administrators focus on the Internet
Need to work with ISPs and Web page developers (Internet Service Provider)
Typically, a Web server provides information to anyone who requests it over the Internet
Web servers can contain other applications
FTP and

9. Understanding Web server Administration
Depending on the size of the organization, some tasks may be delegated
Web page development
Database design
Programming
administration
Security

10. Selecting Programs and Databases
Web server administrators need to install programming languages
Web developers use a variety of languages developed by Microsoft
Active Server Pages (ASP)
Original language from Microsoft
ASP.Net
A newer environment that includes many languages

11. Selecting Programs and Databases
Non-Microsoft languages are popular, even on Microsoft Web servers
Perl – one of the first and still popular
Text-based
PHP – easy to use
Personal Home Page
Java Server Pages (JSP)
Uses Java – Dynamic web page design
Macromedia ColdFusion

12. Selecting Programs and Databases
A database management system (DBMS) is used to store data used with Web pages
Database software is critical to
the central concept of a database (collection of records)
categorized according to the data model that they support: relational, object-relational, network, and so on
How to query and access the database
Popular software DBMS packages
Microsoft Access is appropriate for small sites
Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle 9i, and MySQL are sophisticated DBMSs for larger sites
Standard Query Language (SQL) is the language used to communicate with the DBMS

13. Managing E-mail Servers
is an application provided by the server
Open by design to accept from anyone
Spam can be a problem to manage
Specific utilities can be used to help minimize spam
Viruses are commonly sent by
Use virus detection software and keep it updated

14. Other Applications Firewall FTP DNS
Helps protect your Web server environment from attack
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
A service that allows users to download files from and upload files to a server
DNS
Domain Name Service
Translates host names such as to an IP address

15. Administrators' Common Tasks and Services
Installing and configuring systems
Maintaining security
Monitoring the system
Maintenance and backup

16. Web Servers and Networks
Web servers are accessed through the Internet
Internet is a giant Network
We use OSI and TCP/IP modes to understand network communication
The basic idea is to divide different tasks performed at the network level
OSI: Open Source Interconnection
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
What is a Protocol?
Set of communication rules

17. Network Building Blocks- The OSI Model
Layer
Name
Description 7
Application
Responsible for low-level application access to the network. 6
Presentation
Can convert data into a format that is understandable to the Application layer. 5
Session
Can open, maintain, and shut down communication. 4
Transport
Responsible for transporting the data from one computer to another. (TCP and UDP) 3
Network
Primarily responsible for addressing between two computers. (IP and ICMP) 2
Data Link
Responsible for the interface between the packets coming down through the upper layers and the physical layer. 1
Physical
Responsible for transferring the data to the network medium.

18. TCP/IP Model Layer Name Common Components OSI Reference Application
HTTP, SMTP, POP3
FTP, DNS
Presentation
Session
Transport
TCP, UDP
Network
IP, ICMP
Physical
Ethernet, FDDI
Data Link

19. TCP/IP Application Protocols
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Web servers implement this protocol
Web servers use HTTP to communicate
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Used by servers (and sometimes Web servers) to send
Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3)
Used to retrieve

20. TCP/IP Protocols File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Transfers files to and from server
Domain Name Service (DNS)
Translates host names to IP addresses and IP addresses to host names
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Creates a reliable connection between two computers

21. TCP/IP Protocols User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Internet Protocol (IP)
Does not establish a connection, just sends messages
No retransmission, hence, faster
Internet Protocol (IP)
Provides addressing scheme
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
Provides error messages