1. The pieces and parts of a plant
Plant Structures
The pieces and parts of a plant

2. Roots Root Systems Taproots
The root system under the ground often takes up more space underground then the plant above ground.
Root systems are either taproot or fibrous
Taproots
Main root that grows straight down from the stem
Thick, heavy root that does not have many side or lateral branches.
Often used for human and animal consumption
Examples: Sugar Beets, carrots, radishes

3. Fibrous Roots Adventitious Roots Root Cap
Taproots have the ability to survive periods of drought. They grow deep and have fine secondary roots and do not stabilize the soil well.
Fibrous Roots
Generally thin, somewhat hair like and numerous.
Normally very shallow
Examples: grasses, corn and begonias
Many small, thin branched roots that hold soil together well, but dry out quickly.
Adventitious Roots
Roots that grow above ground that help support a plant, cause it to grow up walls and trees.
Root Cap
Protects the tender growing tip of the root as it pushes through the soil.

4. Stems First thing you see when you look at a plant
Stems support the leaves, flowers and fruit
Woody
Made of tough material
Often covered with bark
Herbaceous
Succulent and somewhat tender
Usually do not survive cold climates
Modified Stems
Stems that grow along the ground or even underground.
Stems that have specialized jobs to perform

5. Bulbs
Short stems
Surrounded by modified leaves called scales
Examples: Easter Lilies and Onions
Corms
Thickened, compact, fleshy stems
Examples: Glads
Rhizomes: thick stems that run below the ground
Examples: Iris and Johnson Grass
Tubers
Thick, underground stems that store carbohydrates
Often these are food. Potato
General Parts
Same internal parts as roots
Xylem and Phloem continue from root system

6. Stem Parts Node Internode Axil Lenticels Terminal Bud
Portion of the stem that is swollen or slightly enlarged where buds and leaves start.
Internode
Area between nodes
Axil
Angle above a leaf or flower stem and the stalk
This is where the axillary buds grows from
Axillary buds turn into leaves or branches
Lenticels
Pores in the stem that allow gases in and out of plant
Terminal Bud
Located at top of stem or branches
Vegetative bud: produces stem and leaf growth
Flowering Bud: produces flowers

7. Leaves Leaves manufacture food for the plant
Capable of adjusting angle to sun
Allow for maximum sunlight exposure
This process is called phototropism
Leaf Margins
The edges of leaves
How plants are identified
Leaf Shape and Form
Vary according to species
Shape and form used for plant identification
Types of Leaves
Simple Leaf-single leaf from stem
Compound Leaf-two or more leaves from single point

8. Leaf Parts Internal Structure Leaf Blade Petiole
Wide Portion
Many shapes and sizes
Petiole
The stem of the leaf
Almost absent or very long
Internal Structure
The leaf is the site of photosynthesis
Cuticle: waxy protective covering of leaf
Epidermis: Skin of the leaf
Chloroplast: contains the chlorophyll
Stomas: Pores in underside of leaf
Guard Cells: Allow pores to open and close
Xylem and Phloem continue into leaves

9. Flowers Flowers are appreciated for their beauty or fruit
A flower’s primary function is to produce seeds
Flower Structure
Male Parts-Stamen
Filament-supports the anther
Anther-manufactures the pollen
Pollen-male sexual reproductive cell
Female Parts-Pistil
Stigma-receives the pollen
Style-connects the stigma to the ovary
Ovary-contains the ovules (eggs)

10. Perfect Flower Pollination Petals Sepals Calyx Fruit
Contains male and female parts
Imperfect flowers have one or more missing parts
Pollination
Union of the pollen with the stigma
Petals
Colored to attract insects and birds for pollination
Sepals
Protective unit for flower
Calyx
What the sepal collectively are called
Fruit
Ripening seed in the pistil
Pistil enlarges into fruit