1. Presented by Brent Baird Energy Monitoring with Ultrasonic Flow Meters Ultrasonic Flow Meters

2. Introduction Why do you need energy monitoring metering? What is Hydronic System Energy Metering? Why use Submetering? Types of Flow / Energy Meter Technologies Typical applications Economics Presentation Outline:

3. Ultrasonic Flow Meters

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5. Lets look at a few examples………

6. Ultrasonic Flow Meters Office Building A $94,658 Office Building B $47,905 Annual Energy Savings = $46,753 Nearly 50%!

7. Ultrasonic Flow Meters Each building requires 470 tons of cooling; accomplished by way of: (2) air-cooled helical-rotary chillers piped in parallel (1) Pump per Chiller How is this possible? System Flow Pumping Energy Consumed Monthly Annual Operating Costs Office Building A Constant Primary, Constant Secondary 52,588 kWh $94,658 Office Building B Variable Primary, Variable, Secondary (VPF) 26,614 kWh $47,905 *assuming $0.15 per kWh

8. Ultrasonic Flow Meters How do you determine the efficiencies of your current system? Discover Process Use a reference meter to establish a baseline and map out your sources: -Hot and Chilled water -Temperature (Differential) BTU

9. Ultrasonic Flow Meters What is Hydronic System Energy Metering? A hydronic energy meter, also referred to as a BTU meter or heat meter, measures heat energy generated by a source or transferred to a load depending on heating or cooling demands. Energy Measurement unit is called Btu (British thermal unit) Btu = The amount of heat energy it takes to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit, at sea level.

10. Ultrasonic Flow Meters How it works:

11. Ultrasonic Flow Meters Key Issue(s): -Too many application assumptions. -Installations not per specifications. -Poor or inaccurate data collection.

12. Ultrasonic Flow Meters Main Building A Annex Building B Building / Campus Mapping: In calculating energy use, each building is unique. Address temperature loss or gain when transferring CHWS, CHWR. Meter all flows and temperatures, you cant afford not too… Annex Building C

13. Ultrasonic Flow Meters For chilled water applications, where the sensor supplies only volume information to a Building Automation System (BAS), each percentage error the flow meter is off will have a direct impact on the Btu calculation. Flow meter technologies come with wide accuracy statements. For instance, if one flow sensor is advertised with accuracies of 1% of Reading while another is 1% Full Scale, the energy calculation can be off by 4% when flows are run at 25% of full range.

14. Ultrasonic Flow Meters On an 8” Chilled Water line; a 1% of Reading Ultrasonic and a 1% FS Impeller are installed. Both have max working flow rates of 0-4000 GPM with an application design flow of 1000 GPM. The ultrasonic meter will offer readings of 990-1010 GPM in order to meet its advertised +/-1% of readings. The impeller meter will offer readings of 960-1040 GPM in order to satisfy its +/-1% of Full Scale readings. Assuming a delta-T of 15 º F, the designed flow of 1000 GPM, and a water constant of 499: Q(Btu/hr) = (GPM)(499)(delta-T) True Energy Value = 7485 MBtu/Hr Ultrasonic = 7410 – 7560 MBtu/Hr, or +/- 1% Impeller = 7186 – 7784 MBtu/Hr, or +/- 4%

15. Ultrasonic Flow Meters For chilled water applications, temperature sensor accuracy relative to each other becomes significant since the temperature differences can be small (<10° F). For instance, if one sensor reads 1° F high while the other is 1° F low, the energy calculation can be off by 20%. A self-contained “Btu” meter is recommended as opposed to using separate flow and temperature sensors because the accuracy is generally better (matched sensors) and data collection is simpler, particularly if energy is being metered for revenue purposes.

16. Ultrasonic Flow Meters When selecting technology, you should consider: Pipe considerations – Include pipe size and material, layout, and straight pipe runs available for flow sensor installation. Flow rate –Flow sensors must be sized to accommodate any balancing configuration or valve position. System temperature – Flow and temperature sensors are designed especially for chilled or hot water systems. Example: thermistors are fine for chilled water, but RTD’s are a better selection for hot water systems. Accuracy – Accuracy and repeatability help determine how precise your energy measurements will be. Some applications leverage tighter accuracy and repeatability tolerances to maintain tighter controls on hydronic system performance. Service considerations – For new installations, direct insertion of sensors is usually possible. However, when retro-fitting a system, often pipes cannot be drained requiring a wet tap. Optional display – Depending on owner requirements, local displays of flow, temperature, energy rate, and/or energy totals may be required. Optional connectivity – Data logging and Building Automation System (BAS) networks, in addition to simple pulse and analog signals, include many different network protocols

17. Ultrasonic Flow Meters Energy Management is Key Optimizing usage/minimizing operating costs –Energy distribution Measuring consumption –System monitoring Cost allocation –Energy sub-metering Measurement and Verification is an essential part of every energy efficiency facility program Federal and state agencies encourage investment in energy-saving technology

18. Ultrasonic Flow Meters Submetering - involves the installation of equipment to measure, monitor, bill or control your process of your water, sewer, gas and electric use. Because submetering raises facility operation awareness, users work harder to conserve, thereby reducing overall consumption dramatically. Discovery-(Portable) Metering – Insertion meters can be very time consuming and expensive. Clamp-on survey meters are more practical. Ideal for spot check or extended study. Justification to add submetering or retrofit your system.

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23. THE SOUND'S TIME OF FLIGHT IS ACCURATELY MEASURED IN BOTH DIRECTIONS AND THE DIFFERENCE IN TIME OF FLIGHT CALCULATED.

24. Ultrasonic Flow Meters Select your meter technology Invasive or Non-invasive

25. Ultrasonic Flow Meters Basic principles –Mechanical Impeller spins with flow Key advantages –Easy to install –Hot tap installation –Economical Price Applications –Clean cold or hot fluids, pipes must be full –Installation cost and service can be very costly Impeller Meter

26. Ultrasonic Flow Meters Basic principles –Uses an electromagnetic field Key advantages –No moving parts –No pressure drop –Accurate with reduced pipe runs Applications –Water and other conductive fluids –Installation cost and relatively maintenance cost. Magnetic Meter

27. Ultrasonic Flow Meters Basic principles –Uses ultrasound waves to measure flow Key advantages –Non-invasive –No need to shut down system –Economical Price Applications –Relatively clean cold or hot fluids, pipes must be full –No maintenance costs Clamp-on, Fixed

28. Ultrasonic Flow Meters Basic principles –Uses ultrasound waves to measure flow Key advantages –Non-invasive –No need to shut down system –Rental & Purchase Applications –Relatively clean cold or hot fluids, pipes must be full –No maintenance costs Clamp-on, Portable

29. APPLICATIONS: Ultrasonic Flow Meters * Water Monitoring * Energy Management * HVAC * Test & Balance * Chillers * Cooling Towers * Boilers * And More……..

30. Ultrasonic Flow Meters Using Portable Ultrasonic Meters Discover process. Spot check flows Water usage study Energy usage study Balancing Hydronic system Economics

31. Ultrasonic Flow Meters Using Dedicated Ultrasonic Meters Energy monitoring & control by monitoring BTU Flow and temperature Domestic hot & cold water Air conditioning / Heater Communications - 4/20mA - Modbus - Ethernet - BACnet MSTP - BACnet/IP - Modbus TCP/IP….. Economics

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33. Summary: We all live in a bubble and need to control our environment Energy monitoring can enhance your facilities efficiencies A discovery process is necessary to establish a baseline Install submetering correctly for accurate continual data collection and operations of your facility. Define communications for your submetering Submeter / Flow Meter Budget economics

34. Brent Baird CEO / Application Engr / Technical Speaker Instruments Direct Ph 1(888)722-5543 bbaird@instrumentsdirect.com QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

35. CRS-401 (2”-26”) CRS-402 (28”-100”) UTXDR-408 (0.5”-2”)