1. CE 3231 - Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science
Ohio Northern University
CE Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science
Introduction
Chemistry, Microbiology & Material Balance
Water & Air Pollution
Env Risk Management
Major Environmental Laws
The US was the first country to write laws for the purpose of environmental protection and stewardship. The US EPA is the first government Agency whose mission is to enforce environmental legislation. Here we cover the evolution of environmental laws as they developed.
Readings for Next Class: 1

2. Lecture 20 Historical to Present (Major Environmental Laws I)

3. Making of a Law A Bill is proposed before Congress
House votes, Senate votes, President approves
Bill becomes enacted (“Act”)
Acts are given to agencies who develop regulations based upon the enacted legislation
US EPA creates and adopts regulations
Regulations become enforceable standards

4. History of Environmental Legislation
1878 – National Quarantine Act
Protection from foreign disease through ports
Maritime Hospital Service
1899 – Rivers and Harbors Act
No dumping of refuse into navigable waters of the US
Army Corps of Engineers
1918 – Migratory Bird Act of 1918
Prohibited “taking” migratory birds

5. Migratory Bird Act

6. 1924 – Oil Pollution Prevention Act of 1924
Prohibited intentional release of oil into navigable waters
Army Corps of Engineers
1944 – Public Health Service Act
Founded Public Health Service
Given responsibility for public health protection and sanitation
1955 – Air Pollution Control Act
1st air legislation
Authorized federal dollars for research and inventories
US Surgeon General Overseas (Head of PHS)

7. Air Pollution Control Act
Donora, PA – 20 people died October 1948 due to killer smog
London UK – ~12,000 people died Dec 1952 due to Great Smoke event (5 days)

8. Air Pollution Control Act
LA - Recently

9. 1970 – National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
1963 – Clean Air Act
Announced that government will control air pollution
Authorized plans to develop a national program to address air pollution
1967 – Air Quality Act of 1967
Authorized enforcement of interstate air pollution
1970 – National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
“let there be comprehensive environmental protection”
Established national policy to do something
Targeted the Federal governments impacts
Began environmental impact assessments

10. NEPA and EPA 1970 – Environmental Protection Agency Created
Executive order of President Nixon
Separate agency for environmental issues (1st of its kind)

11. EPA Regions

12. After EPA is Formed Air Water 1970, 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments
1972 Clean Water Act
1974 Safe Drinking Water Act
Set enforceable standards for drinking water
1976 Toxic Substances Control Act
Regulates introduction of new or existing chemicals into the marketplace.

13. Safe Drinking Water Act
53 Organic Chemicals
16 Inorganic Chemicals
3 Disinfectants
4 Disinfection Byproducts
8 Microorganisms
4 Radionuclides

14. Land 1996 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
Office of Pesticide Programs
1973 Endangered Species Act
Protects endangered species (16 animals and 5 plants in OH – including Indiana Bat, Sheepnose Mussel, Piping Plover, + others)
DDT from Airplanes
Mueller 1948 Nobel Prize
Indiana Bat

15. Hazardous Waste 1976 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Proper disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste
1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund)
Provides money for clean up of legacy sites
Authorized legal action to recovery costs
Love Canal, New York - Part 1
Love Canal, New York - Part 2

16. Future of the Agency Regulatory Action & Enforcement
Legal Action & Role of Market Share
Research and Development