1. Biofuel Environmental impact Group 2 – Hulda Dagmar and Mervi

2. Biofuel That we focus on here: The Bio Fuel that we think is feasable in Iceland Biofuel - General discussions Seaweeds Waste Lupine Biomass can have a variety of meanings, but in the context of this guidance it refers to deriving energy from biological material through a transformation process.  The energy provided may be Heat Electricity Mechanical power  The biological material may come from animal or plant sources including animal wastes and composts  The transformative process may be direct combustion or perhaps involve gasification, fermentation or pyrolysis

3. General effects - positive  It can help mitigate climate change  Reduce acid rain  Protect the soil from erosion  Reduce landfills and protect fresh water  Provide wildlife habitat  Help maintain forest health through better management.

4. General effects - Negative  Burning or gasifying biomass does emit carbon into the atmosphere  Could eliminate unmanaged forests and wild areas  Air pollution  Fresh water use  Bring increasing preasure on world food prices  Takes large land from food productions

5. General effects - Land use is a sensitive topic competition with the food industry can cause social conflict Future Global land use according toThe Resilient Earth Source: www.theresilientearth.com

6. SEAWEED Brown seaweed grows up to 3 meters in 8 months -capture nutrients from their roots and entire surface -producing fuel from seaweed is easier than from normal plant -does not produce lignin

7. Seaweed Positive environment impacts Biodiversity Not in competition with food – May attract fish – Wild seaweed used in Iceland Natural Carbon storage – bio-filter – pollution buffer in July the carbohydrate levels are their highest Negative environment impacts Loss for biodiversity Pollution from planting & harvesting Power plant also creates some pollution – Noise – Smell – Emissions – “the beauty” – Local air quality

8. Waste  Garbage is a wonderful mixture of energy-rich fuels.  In 100 pounds of typical garbage, more than 80 pounds can be burned as fuel to generate electricity at a power plant.  A ton of garbage generates about 525 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity.  Waste-to-energy plants generate enough electricity to supply millions of households.  The major advantage of burning waste is that it reduces the amount of garbage we bury in landfills.  Waste-to-energy plant can recycle thousands of tons of metals from its ash.  The ash can then be reused for many applications, to build roads and make cement.  The source of fuel is readily available in large  The dilemma of waste management will be reduced “This is supposed to be going to China, but it isn’t going anywhere,” said Arno Vink, an inspector from the Dutch environment ministry.

9. Waste “Compared to the relatively low population figures, Iceland produces a substantial amount of waste and the amounts are increasing.” (UN,2012) “all landfilling of organic and combustible waste will be terminated no later than 2020” (Mannvit, 2012) EU (and EEA): 6th Environmental Action Programme (2002 – 2012) – Also directive on landfills: directive 1999/31/EC Iceland: National Waste Management Plan 2004 – 2016 – Law on landfills: law no. 55/2033

12. Waste Positive environmental impacts Less landfills Make a substantial contribution to environmental protection Save raw materials and energy resources Negative environmental impacts Pollution from the power plant – Noise – Smell – “the beauty” – Waste water – Ash Infrastructure – Transportation – Building treatment facilities

13. Lupine  The Lupin grows all over Iceland  many does not like it and want to eliminate it  It costs a lot of money and hard work for a long time Using Lupin in biofuel:  The source is here  Can still be used against soil erosion  Nitrogen binding and prepares the soil  Carbon keeper  Is strong and grows where almost nothing else grows  The plant is beautiful  Can be difficult to control  Can destroy local plants

14. Biomass power plant design in UK

15. Conclusion All feasible in Iceland Great impacts – Pollution buffer – Biodiversity – Using the resources we have Exists anyway Icelandic law pushing for further solutions – Waste management Can go terrible wrong – If not done correct manner Choosing the right type, place

16. Thank you!