1. Climate Events and Impacts over China in 2012 HUANG Dapeng National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration 1

2. 1. Characteristics of temperature 2. Characteristics of Precipitation 3. Significant Climate Events 2

3. Annual average temperature for 2012 was slightly below normal Annual average temperature for China during 1961-2012 9.4 ℃， 0.2 ℃ below normal Year 1981-2010 average 3

4. Average temperature anomalies over China in 2012 Annual average temperatures were below normal in Northeast China and North China, and above normal in Southwest China. Below normal Above normal 4

5. Temperature anomalies for each season over China in 2012(unit: ℃ ) Above-normal temperatures were present for spring, summer and autumn with the exception of winter 5 Winter temperature was -4.3 ℃ and ranked the lowest since 1986 Autumn temperature was 9.6 ℃, marking the eighth consecutive year with an above-normal temperature.

6. The number of hot days in 2012 ranked the lowest in the recent 8 years. 32 stations broke daily maximum temperature records Annual average hot days for China during 1961-2011 Near-normal hot Days for 2012 Near-normal hot Days (daily maximum temperature ≥ 35 ℃ ) for 2012 8.2d near-normal Hot days (d) Year Hot days anomalies over China 6

7. 669.3mm 6.3 percent above normal Above-normal precipitation for China Precipitation totals (mm) Year The total precipitation in China was 669.3mm, 6.3 percent above normal, and 20.4 % above 2011. Precipitation anomaly percentage （ % ） Annual average precipitation totals for China during 1951-2011 7 above-normal precipitation

8. Precipitation anomalies of China in each month of 2011(mm) Drier-than-normal conditions in winter, wetter-than-normal conditions in spring, summer and autumn consecutively in China Above-normal precipitation totals were present for spring, summer and autumn with the exception of winter 8

9. Meteorological disasters impacted regional areas seriously 1. Less heavy-rainfall and flood hazards in general and serious regional, flash floods and geological disasters 2. The number of tropical cyclones was near average and the landing time of typhoons was concentrated and the affected region was wide 3. Significant regional and staging drought with less influence 4. Frequent regional low temperature, overcast and rainy weather 5. Sand and dust days for spring in northern China ranked the lowest since 1961 6. Frequent haze in central-eastern China Significant climate events 9

10. 335.8 billion yuan for 2012 The 1990-2011 average is 214.8 billion yuan Annual direct economic losses caused by meteorological disasters during 1990-2012 Direct economic loss (× 10 8 yuan) Year 10

11. 1390 persons for 2012 The 1990-2011 average is 3914 persons Number of the dead/missing persons caused by meteorological disasters during 1990-2012 11

12. Affected areas and the number of the dead or missing persons caused by heavy rainfall and flood hazards were much below the 1990-2011 average The direct economic loss was more than 160 billion Yuan, slightly above the 1990-2011 average. In general, 2012 was a year with less heavy-rainfall and flood hazards. Less heavy-rainfall and flood hazards in general 12

13. The average precipitation for Apr 4 to May 15 in six provinces of China during 1951-2012 Frequent heavy-rainfall and local floods for Spring in the south of China: The precipitation for six provinces in the south of China during Apr 5th to May 15th was 358.2 mm, which was 43.3 percent above the 1980- 2010 average of 250mm and ranked the wettest year in recent 32 years. Regional flash floods and serious geological disasters 358.2 mm for 2012 13

14. Precipitation totals for mid to end of July, 2012 in China Flood hazards in several provinces along the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River for mid to end of July, 2012. 14

15. Torrential rains hit Beijing, Tianjing and Hebei in the end of July, resulting in more than 100 fatalities. Rainfall over Beijing from 21 and 22 July 2012 averaged 190.3mm, which was a once-in-a-hundred-year event Rainfall totals from July 21 and 22 in Beijing, Tianjing and Hebei 15

16. Flooded streets in Beijing 16

17. Landing time of typhoons was concentrated and the affected region was wide Landing time of typhoons was concentrated. The number of landing typhoons for 2012 was 7 and six typhoons landed China in 30 days. “DAMREY”, “SAOLA” and “HAIKUI” landed China during one week at the beginning of August and the frequency ranked the highest in recent 17 years. Typhoons impacted China widely The landing locations stretched from the coastal area of South China to that of northern China. “DAMREY”, “SAOLA” and “HAIKUI” affected 15 provinces (or autonomous regions and municipalities) Five typhoons moving northward impacted Northeast China in 2012 which ranked the busiest year on record. 17

18. Number of tropical cyclones formed during 1971-2012 25 18

19. Annual direct economic losses and death toll caused by tropical cyclones during 1990-2012 104.8 billion yuan, the costiest year since 1990 96 fatalities Much below the 1990- 2011 average of 410 deaths Less deaths and great economic losses caused by tropical cyclone Direct economic loss (× 10 8 yuan) 19

20. Significant regional and staging drought with less influence Consecutive Drought for winter and spring in Southwest China Rainfall over Yunnan from Dec.1,2011 to May 24,2012 averaged 114.6 mm, 41 percent below 1981-2010 average, which ranked the lowest since 1980. 114.6 mm Annual precipitation totals from Dec.1,2011 to May 24,2012 over Yunnan Province 20

21. Meteorological drought monitoring over China on June 25, 2012 Extreme drought and severe drought in Huanghuai and Jianghuai regions. Meteorological drought monitoring over China on Aug. 17, 2012 Summer drought in Hubei, Chongqing and Henan Province 21

22. Frequent regional low temperature, overcast and rainy weather Serious low temperature and rainy weather in parts of southern China in early 2012 The average temperature from early January to the middle of March in nine provinces (Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou and Shanghai ） ranked the third lowest in recent 27 years ， the precipitation ranked the most since 1999, the rain days ranked the most since 1951; the sunshine duration in Jiangxi, Zhejiang and much of Fujian ranked the lowest since 1951 Frequent overcast and rainy weather and large amounts of rain in Jiangnan and Huanan regions The rain days in Guangdong Province ranked the most since 1951; The rain days in Zhejiang and Jiangxi ranked the most in recent 46 years; The precipitation ranked the most since 1951 in Fujian and Guangdong and the second most in Jiangxi; 22

23. Frequency of sand and dust storm for spring in northern China ranked the lowest since 1961 Sand and dust days (d) Year Sand and dust days (sand-blowing, sandstorm, strong sandstorm) averaged over northern China in Spring (March-May) during 1961-2011 1.3 days for 2012 23

24. Frequency of sand and dust storm events over northern China in Spring during 2000-2011 The earliest beginning date of sand and dust storms in 2012 was 20 March, which ranked the latest since 2001 10 sand and dust storm events for 2012, much below the 1981-2010 average of 17 6 sandstorms and strong sandstorms for 2012, 2 times below the 2001 – 2010 average 24

25. Frequency haze in central-eastern China The haze days for 2012 was much above the 1981-2010 average The averaged haze days in the area on the east of 100 o E was 16 being 7.2 days above the 1981-2010 average, which ranked the 4 th most since 1961 Haze days anomalies over China in 2012 (unit:d) 25

26. Flood The most serious flood for summer in upper and middle reaches of Yellow River since 1989 Drought Huanghuai and Jianghuai experienced drought In early summer Flood The upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River experienced flood in mid to end of July Snow disaster North China suffered the cold wave and snowstorm in early Novermber Flood numerous locations suffered flood disasters in Jiangnan and South China in Spring Snow disaster HeilongJiang experience the snowstorm in middle of Novermber Significant Meteorological disasters and Climate Events in 2012 Snowmelt Flood In western Xinjiang, winter snow are more than the normal, it melts after the spring and results in flood Geological disaster Flash floods and debris flow disasters occurred in Minxian of Gansu, Ningnan of Sichuan, Yiliang of Yunnan Drought The southwest of China experienced winter-spring drought Flood The heavy rainfall caused waterlogging and inundation in big cities such as Beijing and Tianjing during the summer. Frog In autumn, Fog and haze are frequent in central and eastern china, which effects air quality and traffic. Typhoon seven tropical cyclones landed china with the intensity being slightly above normal, affected areas being wide and much disaster in general. Hot days The persistent hot waves hit Huanghuai and much of Southern China in summer and numerous locations broke the maximum temperature records. Low temperature Serious low temperature and rainy weather in parts of southern China in early 2012 Convection In April, strong convection hit southern China and caused serious casualties and losses 26

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