1. By Ireland Tawney, Sierra Bickford, Hannah Bassett, Lily Scammon COAL

2. AGE-(Price) Age: Devonian Period (400 mya) Two major coal forming periods Pennsylvanian Paleocene Price: Depends on the mine or location where coal comes from January 4, 2013 (per short ton) Central Appalachian- $68.05 Powder River Basin - $10.45 Illinois Basin - $47.90 LOCATION many coastal mines not all coastal scattered around the world INFO

4. Fossil Fuel Most formed 400 million years ago, Devonian Period Plants die  sink to bottom of swamp  creates peat  buried by erosion  sedimentary rocks form  pressure, heat, and time forces out water and oxygen  coal is formed. Newest coal formed 1 million years ago, oldest 400 million years ago 40-90% of weight is carbon Estimate 3-7 feet of compact plant matter= 1 foot of bituminous coal HOW COAL IS FORMED

5. A combustible rock consisting mainly of carbonized plant matter Five types of coal Peat Lignite Subbituminous coal Bituminous coal Anthracite coal Described by rank and grade Coal is worth more the less ash left in it (most commercial is 3-9% ash) Some trace elements are sodium, sulfur, phosphorus, chlorides, nitrates, and sulfates, and arsenic WHAT IS IT?

6. Gets energy from the sunlight absorbed by the plant through photosynthesis Energy already exists in coal Needs heat for an activation energy Heat breaks chemical bonds created during fossilization- released heat Coal to Electricity Energy released in heat causes water to boil  boiling water creates steam  steam creates pressure  pressure spins generator turbine  spinning motion turns electrical generator= electricity HOW IT WORKS

7. COAL MINING PROCESS Types of mining- Surface mining Underground mining Longwall mining Conventional mining Underground Drift Slope Shaft

8. Coal is put in burner to produce heat The Thermodynamic Process Heat boils water in the boiler to produce steam The steam is then piped to a turbine The turbine rotates Produce electricity Repeat the cycle COAL POWER PLANT

9. Coal is a chemically complex fuel Mining coal releases dust/gas into the air Particles of ash called “fly ash” released Sulfur combines with oxygen Forms sulfur dioxide Major air pollution if emitted in large quantities Surface of land is disrupted when mined Contributes to acid rain Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels outflow of acidic water from coal mines or metal mines (acid mine drainage) air pollution from coal-fired plants air pollution from coal mines climate impact of coal mines/coal plants coal fires (3% of worlds annual carbon dioxide emission) combustion waste (worlds second largest waste stream) coal sludge (liquid coal waste from washing coal containing toxins) EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT

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