1. 1 Wang Qiming Counsellor for S & T Embassy of the People ’ s Republic of China 12 September 2007 Solar Energy Utilization in China

2. 2 Contents China solar energy industry China solar energy industry Government support to solar energy industry Government support to solar energy industry Future trends and key development areas Future trends and key development areas

3. 3 China solar energy industry

4. 4 Solar energy utilization includes: Solar power generation Photovoltaic power (mainstream) Solar thermal power Solar heat utilization Solar water heater (mainstream) Others: solar house, solar oven, solar dryer and solar sea water desalination

5. 5 Solar Power Generation Solar Photovoltaic Power 1984: annual output 200 KM 1988: annual output 4.5 MW 2005: annual output 139 MW 2006: annual output 300 MW China: ranking the 3rd in the world Solar energy efficiency of monocrystalline silicon cell : 11-13% (commercial), 25% (in lab)

6. 6 Solar Power Generation Solar Photovoltaic Power (up to 2006) Mainly in west China used in rural areas, communication stations, oil fields, transport stations, meteorology and military posts 40 solar PV power stations built with total capacity: 600 KW 150,000 solar power units in rural areas, total capacity: 2.9MW Lanzhou-Lhasa optical fiber cables, solar pv power used in 26 communication stations 216 satellite earth stations in Tibet powered by solar panel A solar power station in Tibet

7. 7 China solar heat utilization Solar heat utilization in China Includes 5 parts: solar water heater (mainstream) solar house solar oven solar dryer solar sea water desalination

8. 8 China solar heat utilization Development up to year 2004 2004 production in 1,000 M 2 Total amount in 1,000 M 2 /pcs Solar water heater13,50062,000 Solar house20,000 Solar oven500 Solar dryerR&D in demo stage Solar seawater desalination R&D in demo stage

9. 9 Solar Water Heater YearProduction (1000 m 2 ) Increase (%) Total amount (1000 m 2 ) Sale (%) 19983,50015,000 19995,0004320,00033 20006,4002826,00030 20018,2002832,00023 200210,0002240,00025 200312,0002050,00025 200413,50012.562,00024 200515,00011.175,00021 200618,0002090,00020

10. 10 Solar Water Heater

11. 11 Solar water heater Three kinds of solar water heater: vacuum tube, flat Plat and direct solarization In 2004, total output of solar water heater 13.5 million m 2 Vacuum tube type:11.8 million m 2, 87.5% of the total Flat plat type: 1.525 million m 2, 11.3% of the total Direct solarization: 0.162 million m 2, 1.2% of the total

12. 12 Application of Solar Water Heater Main users are family households Market share in 2001 Gas heater 20.5% Electrical water heater 11.2% Solar water heater 5.7% Market share in 2004 Gas heater 22.9% Electrical water heater 15.4% Solar water heater 12.3%

13. 13 Governmental Support to Solar Energy Industry

14. 14 R & D Input Chinese government has been increasing R&D support to renewable energy industry Main programmes: Key Research Program, 863 program, 973 program, Natural Science Foundation R&D input （ ￥ to Rs times 5.2 ） 7th five-year (1985-89): ￥ 30 million 8th five-year (1990-95): ￥ 30 million 9th five-year (1996-00): ￥ 60 million 10th five-years (2001-05): ￥ 220 million

15. 15 Financial support From 1987 to 1997, ￥ 120 million per year technical innovation loan to support renewable energy industries In 2002, ￥ 175 million technical innovation loan further allocated to the production lines upgrading solar industries Financial support also available from local governments In 2007, National Reform and Planning Commission launched a “bright project” with ￥ 10 billion to application of PV power

16. 16 Promote standardization and legislation The standard systems set up for solar water heater Standard system for solar water heater, including 16 national technical standards and 3 industrial standards All production in solar water heaters are standardized consistent to the standard systems

17. 17 Promote standardization and legislation Setting up a solar water heater quality monitoring and authentication system Three quality monitoring centers set up in Beijing, Wuhan and Kunming An authentication center set up in Beijing by 2004 Legislation On 28 February 2005 China released the Renewable Energy Act, enforcing from 1 January 2006

18. 18 Future development and key development areas

19. 19 China’s Long-Term Plan for Renewable Energies up to 2020 On the day of 4 September 2007, China released a plan for next 13 years of renewable energies up to 2020 By 2010 renewable energies 10% of total consumption; by 2020 reaches 15% 20102020 Hydro power 190 GW300 GW Bio- power 5.5 GW30 GW Wind power 5 GW30 GW Solar power 0.5 GW1.8 GW Solar is more expensive, still 7 times higher than coal power

20. 20 Solar Market Development Combination of solar energy in building industry China’s building and real estate industries in fast moving, annual building completion area 200 million m 2 Goal: contributing 6.5% of energy consumption of buildings Many cities in China launched scheme of “solar hotwater for million houses”

21. 21 Solar Market Development Rural areas, a huge market for solar energy utilization in 2000, total housing area 17 billion m 2 in 2020, total housing area 26 billion m 2 Rural housing is scattered in a vast areas, traditional energy (coal, electricity, natural gas), not technically and economically efficient But a great potential for solar energy in rural areas where there is no access to electricity and natural gas

22. 22 Solar Market Development Toward remote areas: Solar power station for telecommunication Solar power unit for satellite ground stations Solar power pumps Solar power station for schools Solar power unit for individual farmer households Solar power unit for frontier military posts

23. 23 Technology Development Treads Integration of solar energy in buildings Solar lights Solar city demo in Baoding Solar energy sea water desalination Solar drying technique and its application Medium and high temperature utilization (thermal power generation)

24. 24 Thank You ！