1. Introduction to Wind Turbines P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department IIT Delhi The Ancient Cousin to Modern Kaplan TUrbine….

2. WINDS WIND ENERGY CLOUDS HYDRO ENERGY VEGETATION CHEMICAL ENERGY OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY SOLAR RADIATION THERMAL WAVE VELOCITY RAINS CO 2 + H 2 O PHTOSYNTHESIS SOLAR ENERGY INCOMING RESOURCE FOSSIL FUEL COAL PETROLEUM NATURAL GAS FOSSILIZATION Capital Resource

3. The Wind Turbine Vs The Kaplan Turbine Both are high Specific speed machines. Pure axial flow machines. Blades with Aerofoil cross-section. Regulation through blade rotation. The Difference: No reservoir in wind energy resource. No solid casing to the turbine: An imaginary casing is developed by a running wind turbine. An incompressible low density fluid, however, the flow is incompressible.

4. Evolution of Wind Turbines Wind is a clean, safe, renewable form of energy. Although the use of wind power in sailing vessels appeared in antiquity, the widespread use of wind power for grinding grain and pumping water was delayed until –the 7th century in Persia, –the 12th century in England, and –the 15th century in Holland. 17th century, Leibniz proposed using windmills and waterwheels together to pump water from mines in the Harz Mountains. Dutch settlers brought Dutch mills to America in the 18th century. This led to the development of a multiblade wind turbine that was used to pump water for livestock. Wind turbines were used in Denmark in 1890 to generate electric power. Early in the 20th century American farms began to use wind turbines to drive electricity generators for charging storage batteries.

5. Introduction A wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy. If the mechanical energy is used directly by machinery, such as a pump or grinding stones, the machine is usually called a windmill. If the mechanical energy is instead converted to electricity, the machine is called a wind generator, wind turbine, wind power unit (WPU), wind energy converter (WEC), or aerogenerator. Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT)

6. Scale of Wind Turbines

7. Global Wind Patterns

8. Schematic of Wind Turbines Wind = V 0 Rotation = r *  Relative Wind = V r 

9. Potential of Wind

10. Next Feasible Location & Un Available Wind

11. Layout of A Wind Farm

12. Aerodynamics for Tower Height

13. Reality of Capacity Vs Size

14. Maximum Recoverable Power

15. The Power Extraction Analysis