1. 1 Renewable Energy Options for the Indian Railways Amit Kumar TERI, New Delhi December 21, 2011

2. 2 Outline  India’s energy scenario  Historical perspective  Rationale for renewables  Renewable energy scenario  Type of applications  Potential applications  Enabling environment

3. 3 Electricity fuel mix

4. 4 Historical Perspective

5. 5 Indian Railways Vision 2020 “At least 10% of its total energy to come from renewable sources such as solar power, wind, and biomass etc.”

6. 6 Why renewable energy? The demand for energy in the country has been growing rapidly. –It has been estimated that by 2031, India’s energy needs would be about seven times that of 2001 levels. The current trends indicate clearly that the country would be facing constraints in indigenous availability of conventional energy resources.

7. 7 …Why renewable energy? Environmental concerns –Climate change –Local environmental aspects Fuel diversity –In today’s environment, there is a need for a broad variety of resource options: Ranging from conventional fossil alternatives to renewable (low-risk) energy ones Renewables have minimal operating cost risk

8. 8 RET scenario worldwide Indicators200820092010

9. 9 India on global scale

10. 10 …India on global scale 8th in total clean energy investment (SEFI-Bloomberg Report, 2009) 5th in total renewable power capacity and wind power 2nd in annual wind power addition in 2010 3rd in annual solar hot water heating systems

11. 11 Grid connected RETs in India

12. 12 Grid Electricity

13. RE for decentralized applications

14. Types of applications Traction –Locomotive fuels –Electricity Non-traction –Stations –Workshops –Manufacturing facilities –Centralized kitchens –Signals –Automated ticketing

15. 15 Renewable energy technologies Solar energy Wind energy Bio-energy

16. Traction Indian Railways uses approximately 2 million tonnes per annum of diesel. Indian Railways owns large area of land. Bio-crops can be cultivated along the rail tracks and other land available. It is estimated that the railways can produce enough bio-diesel to replace about 5 to 10% of its diesel requirement. IR can also deploy off-site RE power plants to supply its electricity needs for traction.

17. 17 Wind energy On-site power generation Off-site power generation

18. Solar energy Roof-top solar PV plants Solar PV plants along the tracks Concentrating solar thermal power plants (off-site) Stand-alone systems

19. …Solar energy Electricity/lighting –Signaling –Automated ticketing machines –Station lighting –Communication and computing system –Un-manned crossings Thermal –Solar water heating –Solar steam cooking –Solar air-conditioning

20. Enabling environment Regulatory facilitation –Feed – in tariff –Renewable Energy Certificates –Access to grid –Wheeling of electricity –Banking of electricity

21. 21 … Enabling environment To encourage investment in the sector; the Government provides many different types of incentives: –80% accelerated depreciation in 1st year –IT section 80 I A: 10 year IT holiday –Generation Based Incentive –Exemptions in duties and taxes –Exemption from payment of electricity duty –Exemption from demand cut

22. 22 Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission Sl No ApplicationTargets Phase 1 (2010 – 13)Phase 1 (2013 – 17)Phase 1 (2017 – 22) 1Solar Thermal Collectors 7 million square meters 15 million square meters 20 million square meters 2Off Grid Solar Applications 200 MW4000-10000 MW20000 MW 3.Grid Power including roof top and small plants 1100 MW4000-10000MW20000MW

23. 23 Provisions under JNNSM Policy and Regulatory Framework promoting solar power –Renewable Purchase Obligations of Solar power for utilities in a state. REC mechanism to facilitate this. –Feed in Tariffs fixed by CERC and revised yearly. CERC stipulates that PPAs must be for 25 years. –Bundling of power by NVVN.

24. 24 …JNNSM –Generation Based Incentive payable to project owner under Small solar and Rooftop program (by distribution utility). –Capital Subsidy on benchmark cost for off- grid and decentralized solar applications. –Soft loans at 5% interest rate from IREDA –Accelerated Depreciation and Tax holiday

25. 25 Thank you! www.teriin.org akumar@teri.res.in