1. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 1 Zia Haq – U.S. Department of Energy Biomass Program Biofuels Activities at DOE

2. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 2 Global Biofuels Utilization Global transportation markets consumed 24 billion gallons of biofuels in 2009 1 –sugarcane-based ethanol (primarily Brazil) –starch-based ethanol (primarily U.S.) –biodiesel (soybean in U.S. and Brazil, and rapeseed in Europe) U.S. biofuels production in 2010 –13 billion gallons of starch-based ethanol –310 million gallons of soybean based biodiesel U.S. transportation sector demand in 2010 1 –U.S. Crude oil and petroleum products supplied was 294 billion gallons –U.S. motor gasoline supplied was 138 billion gallons –U.S. diesel fuel supplied was 58 billion gallons –U.S. jet fuel supplied was 22 billion gallons 1 EIA Data

3. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 3 U.S. Biofuel Production, Consumption, and Trade Ethanol Production (mgy) Ethanol Consumption (mgy) Ethanol Imports (mgy) 2005 3,904 4,059 136 2006 4,884 5,481 731 2007 6,521 6,886 439 2008 9,309 9,683 530 2009 10,938 11,037 198 2010 13,231 13,189 10 Biodiesel Production (mgy) Biodiesel Consumption (mgy) Net Imports (mgy)* 2005 91 0 2006 250 261 10 2007 490 358 -132 2008 678 316 -362 2009 506 317 -189 2010 311 222 -82 The U.S. biofuels market is primarily a domestic market with a small portion of demand being supplied by imports mainly from Brazil

4. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 4 Sustainable Biofuels, Biopower, and Bioproducts The Biomass Program is working to advance biomass technologies in support of DOE’s mission to strengthen America’s energy security, environmental quality, and economic vitality through: Feedstocks Improving conversion efficiencies and costs Evaluating vehicle emissions, performance, and deployment options Providing a clean, domestic, dispatchable renewable source of power Expanding portfolio beyond cellulosic ethanol to hydrocarbon fuels Developing lower cost feedstock logistics systems Conversion technologies Systematically validating and deploying technology at first-of-a-kind facilities Infrastructure Biopower Advanced biofuels Integrated biorefineries

5. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 5 Exploring Multiple Routes to Biomass R E F I N I N G Platforms Feedstock Production & Logistics Energy crops Waste Streams Algae Ethanol Butanol Olefins Aromatics Gasoline Diesel Jet Heat and Power Co or By Products Power Pyrolysis Oil Platform Syngas Platform Liquid Bio-oil Enzymatic Hydrolysis Sugars Fermentation Cellulosic Sugar Platform Algal and other Bio-Oils Transesterification Catalytic Upgrading Research on multiple conversion pathways aims to improve the efficiency and economics of biofuels production. Products Feedstocks Fast Pyrolysis Gasification Lipid (Oil) Platform Raw syngas Filtration & Clean-up Upgrading

6. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 6 Energy Security: Liquid Fossil Fuel Displacement Source: Energy Information Administration, “Oil: Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Explained” and AEO2009, Updated February 2010, Reference Case. Below E10, refiners can adapt Somewhere above E10, problems arise: –Refiners shift gasoline to lower-value products –Reduced crude runs reduce diesel / jet supply –Refinery balance can be disrupted (aromatics, H2, light / heavy, heat / process integration, etc.) Foreseeable capacity ~100% ethanol: –Conv. RF will be ethanol (mostly corn) –Adv. NCRF will be ethanol (mostly cane) –Adv. CRF will initially be ethanol (cellulosic) –Limited biodiesel & renewable diesel from veg oils and waste fats & oil No single hydrocarbon is a panacea: –Paraffin vs. aromatic –Single component (volatility) –Acceptability as “contaminant” in other fuels –Combustion behavior –Refinery adaptability

7. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 7 Biomass Program’s Integrated Biorefinery Project Portfolio For more information visit: http://www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/integrated_biorefineries.html

8. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 8 11 integrated biorefinery projects are investigating hydrocarbons from biomass resources: –Flambeau –New Page –Haldor –GTI –REII –Elevance –Solazyme –ClearFuels –Amyris –Sapphire –UOP. GTI and REII are R&D projects. 9 projects are pilot, demonstration and commercial scale. DOE Biomass Program and Hydrocarbon Fuels For more information visit: http://www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/integrated_biorefineries.html

9. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 9 Integrated Biorefinery Status Investments broadened to include more hydrocarbon fuels, diverse biomass feedstocks, and geographical diversity: Over $1B in DOE investments in 29 IBR projects »11 hydrocarbon fuels - $326M »16 cellulosic ethanol - $703M »1 butanol - $30M »1 succinic acid - $50M These projects represent up to 170 million gallons in planned capacity of biofuels and products by 2014, with an industry cost share of about $2.5Bm, including loan guarantees

10. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 10 Diamond Green Diesel, LLC joint venture between Valero Energy Corp., and Darling International Inc. facility in Norco, Louisiana, - $241 million Feedstocks: animal fats, used cooking oil, and other waste grease streams. Product: 137 million gallons/year of renewable diesel. 700 jobs during construction and 60 jobs during operation First application of UOP hydrotreating/isomerization process known as Ecofining TM and a pre-treatment process from Desmet Ballestra Group. Reduce greenhouse gases by more than 80% compared to fossil based diesel DOE Conditional Commitment for a Loan Guarantee for Advanced Biofuels Plant

11. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 11 National Advanced Biofuels Consortium: Biorefinery Integration Three possible insertion points Develop new technologies that use today’s infrastructure

12. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 12 Algae Portfolio Feedstock production and crop protection Energy efficient harvesting and drying Extraction, conversion, and product purification Siting and sustainability of resources Co-products Techno-economic modeling $178M Pilot-scale raceway ponds, courtesy of Cellana LLC Pilot-scale photobioreactor systems, courtesy of ASU Algae Investment is Significant

13. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyeere.energy.gov 13 Office of Biomass Program- www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/www.eere.energy.gov/biomass/ 2011 Biomass Program Review – http://www.obpreview2011.govtools.us/ Alternative Fuels Data Center- www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/ethanol.html Bioenergy Feedstock Information Network - bioenergy.ornl.gov/ Biomass R&D Board – www.biomassboard.gov Grant Solicitations - www.grants.gov and www.fedconnect.net Office of Science – www.science.doe.gov/ Loan Guarantee Program Office – www.lgprogram.energy.gov Information Resources