1. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010 Enabling Electric Vehicles Using the Smart Grid George Arnold National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability National Institute of Standards and Technology United States Department of Commerce 1

2. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010 Why Do We Need Smart Grids? Fundamental Drivers o Climate change o Energy security o Lifestyle dependent on electricity o Jobs Smart Grid goals o Reduce energy use overall and increase grid efficiency o Increase use of renewables (wind and solar don’t produce carbon) o Support shift from oil to electric transportation o Enhance reliability and security of the electric system 2

3. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010 Electrical Grid + Intelligence 2-way flow of electricity and information 3

4. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010 The NIST Role Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) In cooperation with the DoE, NEMA, IEEE, GWAC, and other stakeholders, NIST has “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…” 4

5. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010 Smart Grid Priorities o Demand Response and Consumer Energy Efficiency o Wide Area Situational Awareness o Electric Storage o Electric Transportation o Advanced Metering Infrastructure o Distribution Grid Management o Cyber Security o Network Communications 5

6. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010 Why Electric Vehicles? o Reduced environmental impact Displace half of US oil imports Reduce CO 2 20% Reduce urban air pollutants 40%-90% Idle capacity of the power grid could supply 70% of energy needs of today’s cars and light trucks Batteries in EVs could provide power during peak demand 6

7. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010 Why Electric Vehicles? o PERFORMANCE Linear torque – even power delivery Independent wheel drive – advanced traction control New vehicle configurations Quiet! 7

8. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010 EV and the Smart Grid o Support for flexible charging scenarios (Roaming) Charging on PEV rate plan at home, at work, at neighbors (within utility network) Charging on plan on other utility networks Using credit card or “pay as you go” o Support for load control Grid charges vehicle o Support for source control Vehicle powers grid 8

9. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010 Southern California Edison Forecasted EV Charging Load *Based on predicted 1.6 million Evs on the SCE grid Copyright 2009 Southern California Edison 9

10. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010 Example Information Requirements o Identification Vehicle and customer ID o Vehicle Monitoring State of charge, Usable energy o Pricing How much will it cost o Energy requests How much at what rate o Timing information When to start, when to finish 10

11. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010 V2G Requires Many Standards 1547 (Distributed energy interconnection) Smart Energy 2.0 J2293 (Communication) J1772 (Connector) 61850 and 61970/61968 Information models Demand response & price signaling C12 (Meter) National Electric Code (Enclosures) National Electric Safety Code (Battery) 11

12. The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 3-4 March 2010 Resources o NIST Smart Grid website http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid o Contact: george.arnold@nist.gov +1-301-975-2232 12