1. Climate Change and Ozone Loss G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13 th Edition Chapter 18 G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13 th Edition Chapter 18 Modified by Charlotte Kirkpatrick Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College Modified by Charlotte Kirkpatrick Dr. Richard Clements Chattanooga State Technical Community College

2. Key Concepts  How does the Earth’s climate fluctuate  What factors affect climate  What are the possible effects of global warming  What can humans do about potential climate change  How are human activities affecting the ozone layer  What can humans do about changes in the ozone layer

3. Past Climate Change  Past global temperatures  Recent trends in global temperatures Fig. 18-2 p. 447

4. The Natural Greenhouse Effect  Greenhouse effect  Greenhouse gases (Refer to Table 18-1 p. 448) Fig. 6-13 p. 128

5. Climate Change and Human Activities  Increased use of fossil fuels  Deforestation  Global warming  Melting icecaps and glaciers  Coral reef bleaching Refer to Table 18-2 p. 451

6. Projecting Future Changes in Earth’s Climate  Climate models (see Spotlight p. 457)  Apparent influence of human activities  Could be natural changes Fig. 18-11 p. 455

7. Factors Affecting Changes in Earth’s Average Temperature  Changes in solar output  Changes in Earth’s albedo  Moderating effect of oceans  Clouds and water vapor  Air pollution Fig. 18-13 p. 457

8. Some Possible Effects of a Warmer World Fig. 18-16 p. 461 Fig. 18-16 p. 461

9. Solutions: Dealing with the Threat of Climate Change Options  Do nothing  Do more research  Act now to reduce risks  No-regrets strategy Fig. 18-20 p. 466

10. Removing CO 2 From the Atmosphere Fig. 18-21 p. 467 Tree plantation Coal power plant Tanker delivers CO 2 from plant to rig Oil rig Crop fieldSwitchgrass field Spent oil reservoir is used for CO 2 deposit CO 2 is pumped down to reservoir through abandoned oil field Abandoned oil field CO 2 is pumped down from rig for Deep ocean disposal = CO 2 deposit = CO 2 pumping

11. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Rio Earth Summit (1992) Kyoto Treaty (1997) Some US CO 2 Reductions Refer to Fig. 18-25 p. 472

12. Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere Importance of Ozone  Terrestrial life  Reduce sunburn  Prevents tropospheric ozone Fig. 18-26 p. 473

13. Ozone Depleting Chemicals  Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)  Halons  Methyl bromide  Carbon tetrachloride  Methyl chloroform  Hydrogen chloride  Sources of CFCs

14. Seasonal Thinning at the Poles  Ozone thinning (hole)  Polar vortex Fig. 18-30 p. 475

15. Reasons for Concern  Increased incidence and severity of sunburn  Increase in eye cataracts  Increased incidence of skin cancer  Immune system suppression  Increase in acid deposition  Lower crop yields and decline in productivity Refer to Fig. 18-32 p. 476 Refer to Fig. 18-32 p. 476

16. Solutions: Protecting the Ozone Layer  CFC substitutes (see Table 18-3 p. 477)  Technofixes  Montreal Protocol Fig. 18-33 p. 479