1. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3: Migration The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography

2. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Migration A type of mobility –Migration is a permanent move to a new location –Migration = relocation diffusion Emigration Immigration

3. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Homework due today Free Response for hw due 11/10 Rapid dismissal today Fire Drill Go to your locker and get your coat

4. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate? Reasons for migration –Most people migrate for economic reasons –Push and pull factors Economic: people move away from places with poor economic opportunities and toward places with better ones Cultural factors –Forced migration (e.g., slavery, refugees) –Political factors Environmental factors

5. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Refugees: Sources and Destinations Figure 3-2

6. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate? Reasons for migration –Push and pull factors Intervening obstacles –Historically, intervening obstacles = environmental –Transportation technology = limited environmental intervening obstacles

7. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate? Distance of migration –Internal migration Two types: –Interregional migration = movement from one region to another –Intraregional migration = movement within a region

8. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate? Distance of migration –International migration Two types: –Voluntary –Forced Migration transition –International migration is most common in countries that are in stage 2 of the demographic transition

9. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Aim Why Do People Migrate? Characteristics of migrants –Most long-distance migrants are Male Adults Individuals –Families with children = less common

10. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Global Migration Patterns Figure 3-5

11. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate? Characteristics of migrants –Gender Traditionally, males outnumbered females In the United States today, 55 percent of immigrants = female –Family status In the United States today, about 40 percent of immigrants = young adults, aged 25–39

12. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Are Migrants Distributed? Global migration patterns –Net out-migration: Asia, Africa, and Latin America –Net in-migration: North America, Europe, and Oceania The United States has the largest foreign-born population

13. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Net Migration by Country Figure 3-7

14. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Aim: Where Are Migrants Distributed? U.S. migration patterns –Three main eras of migration Colonial migration from England and Africa Nineteenth-century immigration from Europe Recent immigration from LDCs

15. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Migration to the United States from Latin America Figure 3-9

16. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Migration to the United States Figure 3-8

17. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Are Migrants Distributed? Impact of immigration on the United States –Legacy of European migration Europe’s demographic transition –Stage 2 growth pushed Europeans out »65 million Europeans emigrate Diffusion of European culture

18. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Are Migrants Distributed? Impact of immigration on the United States –Unauthorized immigration 2008 = estimated 11.9 million unauthorized/ undocumented immigrants –About 5.4 percent of the U.S. civilian labor force –Around 59 percent are undocumented immigrants from Mexico

19. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Map Activity Turn to the World Activity Map Immigration to the United States Page 116-117 Atlas Complete letter 35 a- 35 c 35 D To be collected

20. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Immigration to the US Immigrant GroupsNumber of Immigrants British Germans3,120,000 Irish Italians Russians Scandinavians

21. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Immigrant Group Writing Component on back

22. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Homework Homework is due today Two free response due 11/10 Migration patterns will be uploaded to view letters on the map

23. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Aim: Where Are Migrants Distributed? Impact of immigration on the United States –Destinations California = one-fifth of all immigrants and one- fourth of undocumented immigrants New York = one-sixth of all immigrants –Chain migration

24. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do Migrants Face Obstacles? Immigration policies of host countries –U.S. quota laws The Quota Act (1921) The National Origins Act (1924) –Temporary migration for work Guest workers Time-contract workers

25. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do Migrants Face Obstacles? Distinguishing economic migrants from refugees –Emigrants from Cuba –Emigrants from Haiti –Emigrants from Vietnam

26. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do Migrants Face Obstacles? Cultural problems faced while living in host countries –U.S. attitudes towards immigrants –Attitudes toward guest workers

27. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate Within a Country? Migration between regions of a country –U.S. settlement patterns Colonial settlement Early settlement in the interior (early 1800s) California –Gold Rush in the 1840s Great Plains settlement Recent growth of the South

28. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Kinds of Voluntary Migration Step Migration – When a migrant follows a path of a series of stages, or steps toward a final destination. * intervening opportunity –at one of the steps along the path, pull factors encourage the migrant to settle there. Chain Migration – When a migrant communicates to family and friends at home, encouraging further migration along the same path, along kinship links.

29. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Gravity Model Ernst Ravenstien Since larger places attract people, ideas, and commodities more than smaller places and places closer together have a greater attraction, the gravity model incorporates these two features. The relative strength of a bond between two places is determined by multiplying the population of city A by the population of city B and then dividing the product by the distance between the two cities squared.

30. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why is the Center of the U.S. Population Changing ? Figure 3-16

31. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. U.S. Interregional Migration Figure 3-17

32. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate Within a Country? Migration between regions of other countries –Russia Komsomol –Government incentives in Brazil and Indonesia –Economic migration within European countries –Restricted migration in India

33. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Migration in Europe Figure 3-20

34. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate Within a Country? Intraregional migration in the United States –Migration from rural to urban areas Primary reason = economic migration –Migration from urban to suburban areas Primary reason = suburban lifestyle –Migration from urban to rural areas Counterurbanization

35. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Intraregional Migration in the United States Figure 3-21

36. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Film Sweet land Immigration Post WWI Reasons for immigration Obstacles, Challenges, to the immigrant, community and host country

37. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The End. Up next: Folk and Popular Culture