1. CPOTS – 2 nd ERASMUS Intensive Program Introduction to Charged Particle Optics: Theory and Simulation http://cpots2012.physics.uoc.gr Dept. of Physics, University of Crete Aug 19 – Sept 2, 2012 Heraklion, Crete, GREECE

2. http://cpots2012.physics.uoc.gr 2 Group Project Building the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) IoannisJordiStefan Dr. Jason Greenwood Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Queen’s University Belfast E-mail: j.greenwood@qub.ac.uk

3. http://cpots2012.physics.uoc.gr 3 Goals and Objectives Knowledge Knowledge How magnetic fields can be used to confine charged particles How magnetic fields can be used to confine charged particles Understanding the magnetic field configuration needed for a Tokamak Understanding the magnetic field configuration needed for a Tokamak AbilityAbility Defining and flying particles Defining and flying particles Explaining qualitatively particle motion in magnetic fields Explaining qualitatively particle motion in magnetic fields Apply simple modifications to Lua programs Apply simple modifications to Lua programs Investigate physical parameters of ITER Investigate physical parameters of ITER

4. What is ITER?

5. ITER ITER Nuclear fusion research and engineering project Nuclear fusion research and engineering project Expected to produce ten times the amount of energy input Expected to produce ten times the amount of energy input Largest Tokamak reactor Largest Tokamak reactor

6. Tokamak Confine a plasma in the shape of a torus Confine a plasma in the shape of a torus Helicoidal field Helicoidal field

7. Fusion Two or more atomic nuclei join together to form a single nucleus Two or more atomic nuclei join together to form a single nucleus Deuterium, tritium Deuterium, tritium

8. Parameters of ITER Central radius R 0 =6,2m Central radius R 0 =6,2m Inner radius r 0 =2,0m Inner radius r 0 =2,0m

9. Parameters of ITER 18 toroidal coils carrying up to 80kA giving a maximum field of 11,8T (5,3T at outer radius) 18 toroidal coils carrying up to 80kA giving a maximum field of 11,8T (5,3T at outer radius) Deuterium, tritium and α-particles Deuterium, tritium and α-particles Plasma current 15MA Plasma current 15MA Plasma temperature 8keV Plasma temperature 8keV

10. Building ITER in SIMION Step 1 using the solenoid-example using the solenoid-example studying the.lua-file studying the.lua-file Fly´m Fly´m

11. Building ITER in SIMION Step 1 using the solenoid-example using the solenoid-example studying the.lua-file studying the.lua-file Fly´m Fly´m

12. Building ITER in SIMION Step 2a adapting the toroid-example adapting the toroid-example studying the.lua-file studying the.lua-file Fly´m Fly´m

13. Building ITER in SIMION Step 2a using the toroid-example using the toroid-example studying the.lua-file studying the.lua-file Fly´m Fly´m

14. Building ITER in SIMION Step 2b trying different particle conditions (mass, charge, angle, energy) and magnetic field strength trying different particle conditions (mass, charge, angle, energy) and magnetic field strength  Trapping is not possible!

15. Building ITER in SIMION Step 2b trying different particle conditions (mass, charge, angle, energy) and magnetic field strength trying different particle conditions (mass, charge, angle, energy) and magnetic field strength  Trapping is not possible!

16. Building ITER in SIMION Step 2b explanation for drift: explanation for drift: gradient in the magnetic field gradient in the magnetic field Non homogeneous-field Non homogeneous-field Stronger near Stronger nearcenter

17. Building ITER in SIMION Step 3a adding a current loop in LUA adding a current loop in LUA

18. Building ITER in SIMION Step 3b new parts in the LUA-code: new parts in the LUA-code: local poloidal_current = 150000 local field2 = MField.hoop { current= poloidal_current, center = MField.vector(0,0,0), normal= MField.vector(0,0,1), radius= 6210 } local field = MField.combined_field{field1,field2}

19. Building ITER in SIMION Step 4a define particles: ParticleSymbol Charge [e] Mass [amu] Energy [keV] Colour α-Particle 4 2 He 2+44.000red Deuterium 21D21D21D21D1+2100green Tritium 31T31T31T31T1+3100blue Protonp1+1100pink Electrone1- 5*10 -4 100cyan

20. Building ITER in SIMION Step 4b Fly´m Fly´m α-particle deuterium tritium proton electron

21. Results

22. Problems even small errors in calculation may cause „untrapping“ (Trajectory quality) even small errors in calculation may cause „untrapping“ (Trajectory quality) Processing time! Processing time!

23. Conclusions Centered particles are trapped (theoretically forever) independent from starting direction! Centered particles are trapped (theoretically forever) independent from starting direction! Particles at the edge aren´t trapped stable Particles at the edge aren´t trapped stable „trapping area“: +0,8m to -0,3m from the center-radius „trapping area“: +0,8m to -0,3m from the center-radius

24. Thank you for your attention!