1. Power from the wind

2. Sailcloth turbines for water pumping, Lasithi plateau, Crete

3. Modern water pumping turbine with metal blades, Kenya. Mechanical drive from turbine rotor shaft to vertical pump actuating rod

4. Contours of mean annual wind speeds in Europe. UK (and especially Scotland) have the best resources

5. Typical wind turbine for electricity production from the late 1970’s. 9m rotor diameter, 15 kW rated power output, rigid tower construction

6. 250 kW prototype by James Howden, Glasgow in early 1980’s. 28m diameter rotor, wood laminate blades, thin tubular steel tower

7. Howden turbine site erection process, using simple A-frame

8. Access to blade tip adjustment mechanism from platform on tower

9. Maintenance of wind turbines will demand special skills; access is more problematic for smaller machines

10. Nacelle layout of typical horizontal-axis turbine Disc brake Gearbox Generator Anemometer Yaw bearing and drive gear

11. Vestas 75 kW and 100 kW turbines at Altamont Pass, California, early 1980’s

12. UK Wind Energy Group (WEG) 250 kW turbines at Altamont Pass

13. Howden 330 kW production machines in California

14. WEG 300 kW turbine in California; 2 blades, full-span pitch control

15. WEG 2-bladed turbine in a UK setting: Cemmaes wind farm, Wales

16. Wind turbines at Tarifa in southern Spain

17. Wind farm in an industrial area: Blyth Harbour, Tyne and Wear, UK

18. First commercial offshore windfarm, Vindeby, Denmark

19. Turbines at Vindeby wind farm: Bonus 450 kW machines with full-span pitch control

20. Yttre Stengrund offshore wind farm, Sweden 5 turbines, water depth 8.5m

21. Contrasting applications of wind power at Yttre Stengrund

22. wind farm: NEG Micon turbines of 2 MW rated power output; rotor diameter 72m

23. Horns Reef offshore wind farm, Denmark. Erection of tower and mounting of ready-assembled turbine nacelle Vestas V80 turbines, each of rated power 2 MW

24. Horns Reef wind farm off the west coast of Denmark. 80 turbines, each rated at 2 MW

25. UK offshore wind farm at Blyth Harbour, Tyne and Wear. 2 turbines each rated at 2 MW, approx. 1 km from shore

26. Single-bladed wind turbine manufactured by Riva Calzoni, Italy. Rated at 225 kW

27. Direct drive to generator for 500 kW turbine by Enercon, Germany

28. Model of Enercon turbine showing enlarged hub required to contain the direct-drive generator

29. 750 kW turbine with direct-drive generator by Jeumont, France

30. Vertical-axis turbines: 100W battery-charging prototype by MMEW, Dundee. Direct drive to generator, variable-pitch blades

31. 150 kW vertical-axis wind turbine at Carmarthen Bay, Wales. UK-designed prototype with variable blade geometry. Concrete tower, composite blades 18m in height

32. Fixed-geometry vertical-axis turbine rated at 100 kW, Isles of Scilly, UK

33. 500 kW development of 150 kW turbine with fixed-geometry blading, on test site at Carmarthen Bay

34. Project EOLE 4 MW vertical-axis prototype, Quebec. Tower height 110m, catenary-profile blades