1. Wet DEMs – Lessons Learned Working with Bathymetric Data in the Hawaiian Islands Emily Lundblad NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (NOAA – PIFSC – CRED) and Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research CA/HI/NV/Guam ESRI Regional Users’ Group Annual Conference February 6 – 8, 2007 Joe Breman previously with ESRI Redlands

2. NOAA’s Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) Goal: Map and characterize coral reef ecosystems in the U.S. and flag territories by 2009 NOAA’s Coral Reef Ecosystem Division’s Goal: To achieve the CRTF goal around the Hawaiian Islands and the U.S. flag territories in the South and West Pacific.

3. ESRI’s Bathymetry Data Model In planning phases with a draft globe stack Under review by researchers, managers and developers Satellite Altimetry Substrate Profile Benthic Cover Backscatter Rugosity Aspect Estimated Depth Complexity Slope Soundings

4. Estimated Depths

5. Multibeam Surveys Bathymetry Depth Backscatter Substrate characteristics extracted from Bathymetry

6. 30 kHz EM300 5000 m range 135 beams 300 kHz EM3002D 150 m range 250-500 “soundings” 240 kHz Reson 8101ER 250 m range 101 beams

7. It’s like painting a room! Large roller Small paint brush Photos from: http://www.house-painting-info.com/interior-painting.html

8. Sound Velocity Post Processing Launch based acquisition Shipboard acquisition Correct for tides and movement of boat

10. Coral reef?

11. Interactive Visualization Systems: Fledermaus

13. Backscatter

14. The area including Pago Pago Harbor south to Taema Bank show notable variations in acoustic reflectance. Within the harbor, the seafloor is dominated by high backscatter values that most likely reflect the sand and mud dominated benthic environment. Small areas of low backscatter correspond with seafloor highs composed of hard substrate that are either small seamounts or carbonate edifices.

15. Approaching Taema Bank to the south of Pago Pago harbor, the edifices increase in abundance and are flat topped in many places. Taema Bank is composed of mostly low backscatter seafloor, reflecting its hard volcanic and/or carbonate composition.

16. Derivatives of Bathymetry Geomorphology Slope Rugosity

17. Derivatives of Bathymetry: Geomorphology Slope Rugosity

19. Slope

20. Benthic Cover Bathymetric Position Index Zones

21. BPI Zone and Structure Classification Flowchart

22. Algorithm compares each cell’s elevation to the mean elevation of the surrounding cells in an annulus or ring. Bathymetric Position Index -3m- |--- 2 --- || --- ------4-------| resolution = 3 m irad = 2 orad = 4 scalefactor = resolution x orad = 12 Negative bpi = depression Positive bpi = crest Zero bpi = constant slope or flat bpi = int((bathy - focalmean(bathy, annulus, irad, orad)) +.5)

23. Bathymetric Position Index Broad scale Fine scale

25. Bathymetric Position Index Structures

26. Optical Validation

32. Sand Rock Rubble Mixed Saipan Anchorage Groundtruthing and Bathymetry Position Index Zones

33. Acoustic Mapping and Optical Validation Challenges Funding for remote platforms Limited access to replacement parts Proximity to shore Changing platforms Boat traffic Ocean conditions Endangered species Bad charting Sampling plans Cross discipline data management

34. ….. And …. The vastness of the Pacific Region

35. Solutions?  Remote locations, limited access, ship schedules, funding, and ocean & coastal conditions will always be a bittersweet component  Seasonal planning (ocean state & traffic) and permitting (endangered species)  Depends on NOAA’s Office of Coast Survey’s priorities:  first nautical charting for NOAA – PIFSC – CRED this spring: Saipan, Tinian and Rota harbors (again, ties into remoteness of locations)  Sampling plan assessment is underway for one type of optical validation within CRED (others not yet planned, but greatly needed)  Balancing sound spatial statistics and ecological significance  Oracle database for division is under development but has not gained trust and use from Principal Investigators yet  Great need for ground up implementation of data management plan  needs assessment, personnel training, PI awareness

36. questions? www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmcEmily.Lundblad@noaa.gov