1. Do Now: We know that groundwater and river basins alone do not contain enough water to meet our present needs. Are there any ways that we can harvest the water so that rivers and groundwater can meet our needs? Explain your answer.

2. Aim: Is Building More Dams the Answer? Concept 13-3 Building dam-and-reservoir systems has greatly increased water supplies in some areas, but it has disrupted ecosystems and displaced people.

3. Large Dams and Reservoirs Have Advantages and Disadvantages Main goal of a dam and reservoir system – Capture and store runoff – Release runoff as needed to control: Floods Generate electricity Supply irrigation water Recreation (reservoirs)

4. Large Dams and Reservoirs Have Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages – Increase the reliable runoff available – Reduce flooding – Grow crops in arid regions

5. Large Dams and Reservoirs Have Advantages and Disadvantages Disadvantages – Displaces people – Flooded regions – Impaired ecological services of rivers – Loss of plant and animal species – Fill up with sediment – Can cause other streams and lakes to dry up How many dams are there in the world? What country has the most?

6. Only 21 out of the planets 177 longest rivers run freely from their sources into the sea. 1 out of 5 the worlds fresh water fish and plant species are endangered or extinct. The average dam will fill up with sediment in 50 years which makes them usleess for storing water. 85% of US dams will be 50 by 2020

7. Advantages and disadvantages of Large dams and reservoirs

9. Do the advantages of large dams outweigh their disadvantages?

10. A Closer Look at the Overtapped Colorado River Basin Only small amount of Colorado River water reaches Gulf of California – Threatens aquatic species in river and species that live in the estuary Current rate of river withdrawal is not sustainable Much water used for agriculture that is inefficient with water use: cotton, alfalfa, rice – Water use subsidized by government

11. A Closer Look at the Overtapped Colorado River Basin Reservoirs – Leak water into ground below – Lose much water through evaporation – Fill up with silt load of river, depriving delta – Could eventually lose ability to store water and create electricity States must conserve water, control population, and slow urban development

12. The Flow of the Colorado River Measured at Its Mouth Has Dropped Sharply

13. Aim: Is Transferring Water from One Place to Another the Answer?

14. California Transfers Water from Water- Rich Areas to Water-Poor Areas Water transferred from north to south by – Tunnels – Aqueducts – Underground pipes California Water Project – Inefficient water use – Environmental damage to Sacramento River and San Francisco Bay

15. Southern California Lettuce Grown with Northern California Water Where does your lettuce come from???

16. The California Water Project and the Central Arizona Project What effects might this system have on different areas on this map? How might It affect areas from which water is taken?

17. Case Study: The Aral Sea Disaster Large-scale water transfers in dry central Asia High Salinity Wetland destruction and wildlife Fish extinctions and fishing declines Wind blown salt Water pollution

18. Case Study: The Aral Sea Disaster Restoration efforts – Cooperation of neighboring countries – More efficient irrigation – Dike built to raise lake level Unintended Consequences - Sea dust on glaciers in Himilayas - Altering climate (less rain, hotter)

19. Natural Capital Degradation: The Aral Sea, Shrinking Freshwater Lake

20. Summary What are three things that you think should be done to help prevent further shrinking of the Aral Sea?

21. Homework Read pages 333-343 Answer Critical Thinking Questions 4, 7, and 9.