1. Chapter 10 Review January 20, 2015

2. Part A: Vocabulary 1.landlocked – a country that does not border a sea or an ocean 2.pass – a low area between mountains that allows people and goods to move through 3.navigable – rivers that are wide enough and deep enough for ships move through 4.deciduous – trees that lose their leaves when the winter turns colder 5.coniferous – also called evergreens, these trees grow in cooler areas, and do not lose their leaves in the fall

3. Part A: Vocabulary (continued) 6.mistral – a cold, dry wind from the north that occurs in winter and spring in southern France 7.sirocco – a hot, dry wind from Africa that picks up moisture in the Mediterranean Sea and brings humidity to southern Europe

4. Part B: Physical Feature Descriptions 8.Rhine River –begins in southern Germany and travels north through the Netherlands before emptying into the North Sea 9.Danube River - begins in southern Germany and travels southeast through Europe before emptying into the Black Sea 10.Pyrenees Mountains – mountain range that forms the border between France and Spain 11.Alps – mountain range that begins along the border of France and Italy, and extends through Switzerland and southern Germany into Austria

5. Part B: Physical Feature Descriptions (continued) 12.North Sea – the bottom provides the largest provider of petroleum to Europe, this body of water borders Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia 13.Black Sea – this body of water forms the southeast border of Europe, bordering the Ukraine, Romania, and Bulgaria 14.Northern European Plain – a flat area of fertile soil, with many natural resources, that stretches from France, through Germany and into Russia 15.Ukrainian Steppe – a flat area of dry grassland in southeast Europe, near the Black Sea

6. Part C: Fill In The Blank 16.The four seas that mainly surround Europe are the: North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea, and Black Sea 17.The ocean current that flows from the Gulf of Mexico to Europe is called the: North Atlantic Current 18.The ocean current in number 17 causes the northwestern and central parts of Europe to have a mild climate with plenty of rainfall. This climate zone is the Marine West Coast zone. 19.Three islands that are part of Europe and located in the Atlantic Ocean are: Great Britain, Iceland, and Ireland.

7. Part C: Fill In The Blank (continued) 20.Some countries in Europe are landlocked, but most still have access to coastal ports because of long rivers. 21.The Kyoto Treaty was signed by many countries, in an attempt to limit the output of greenhouse gases. 22.Hydroelectric power and wind power are called “clean” energy sources. The three European countries that are world leaders in wind farms are: Germany, Spain, and Denmark. 23.The three main climate zones that exist in Europe are: Marine West Coast, Mediterranean, and Humid Continental.

8. Part C: Fill In The Blank (continued) 24.Europeans used a lot of the energy resource coal to fuel their industries in the 1800s. 25.Rich soil, many natural resources, and dense population are all characteristics of the region in Europe called the Northern European Plain. 26.Europe’s largest coniferous forests lie in the countries of: Norway and Sweden. 27.Europe’s most productive oil fields are located: beneath the North Sea. 28.Four major sources of water pollution in Europe are: sewage, garbage, industrial waste and runoff from farms.

9. Part C: Fill In The Blank (continued) 29.Norway and Sweden are fighting the effects of acid rain in their lakes by adding lime to the lakes. 30.Europe’s farms grow many crops, including rye, oats, wheat, and more potatoes than any other region in the world. 31.Because of Europe’s many seas, rivers, and mountain ranges, groups of people have always been separated. Today, over 40 countries exist on the continent of Europe. 32.The three mountain ranges that make up the Alpine Mountain System are the Pyrennees, Alps, and the Carpathians.

10. Part D: Short Answer Questions 33.What are three things in Europe that are damaged by acid rain? Explain how each one is effected.  forests – trees are burned out by acid rain  buildings – acid rain wears away historic buildings  lakes and rivers – kills wildlife, effects farming 36.How do the mountain ranges in Europe affect the rainfall there? Give two examples FROM OUR CHAPTER of how a mountain can change the climate in Europe.  rainfall – rain shadows and altitude can change rainfall, like peaks of Santis and Saint Gall  temperature – altitude can affect the temperature of an area depending on how high or low the elevation on the mountain

11. Part D: Short Answer Questions 38.Most of Europe has a Marine West Coast climate, although most of the cities are further north than American cities. Why is the climate more mild there?  The Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current bring warm water from the Tropics to the west side of Europe. The westerlies pick up this heat as they blow ashore, creating a more mild year-round climate in northwest Europe.