1. Final Exam Review The Sequel

2. Chapter 10 Lesson 1 Energy Processing in Plants

3. How do materials move through plants? Vascular tissue – Xylem – water enters through roots, water and nutrients carried to all parts – Phloem – carries liquid sugar from photosynthesis – Stomata - Carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen

4. How do plants perform photosynthesis? Capture energy in light – Occurs in chloroplasts – Chlorophyll reflects green light and makes plants appear green, absorbs other light Water molecules split apart – Releases oxygen Carbon dioxide + hydrogen (from water) + light = sugar + oxygen

5. Photosynthesis carbon dioxide + water  sugar + oxygen light energy 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 chlorophyll

6. What is cellular respiration? Releases energy stored in the chemical bonds in food Used to make ATP, useable form of energy Occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria Most organisms (plants and animals) Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + ATP (energy) C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP

7. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Photosynthesis requires light, carbon dioxide, and water and results in sugar/glucose and oxygen Cellular respiration uses the products of photosynthesis (sugar/glucose and oxygen) and results in carbon dioxide, water, and ATP Plants, some protists, some bacteria do photosynthesis Almost all plants and animals do cellular respiration

8. Chapter 20 Lesson 1 Abiotic Factors

9. What are the nonliving parts of an environment? Necessary for a well-functioning ecosystem The Sun – Source of almost all energy – Warmth and light – Affects climate and temperature Climate – Average weather conditions – Includes temperature, moisture, wind – Influences where an organism can live

10. Abiotic Factors continued Temperature – Influences where an organism can survive Water – Required for all life – Most organisms are made mostly of water – Every ecosystem must contain some water to support life Atmosphere – Mostly nitrogen and oxygen – Protection from the harmful rays of the Sun

11. Abiotic Factors continued Soil – Rocks, water, air, minerals, remains of organisms – Ecosystem – Water, soil texture, and nutrients affect what organisms can live in soil

12. Chapter 20 Lesson 2 Cycles of Matter

13. How does matter move in ecosystems? Water Cycle – 70% of Earth – 97% of water is in oceans – Evaporation, transpiration, exhalation, cellular respiration put water vapor into air – Condensation – clouds – Precipitation

14. The Nitrogen Cycle – Part of proteins, DNA – Nitrogen has to be “fixed” Lightning Bacteria – soil and atmosphere – decaying matter – Waste – Plants take in nitrogen

15. The Oxygen Cycle – respiration and photosynthesis – Oxygen and carbon dioxide The Carbon Cycle – Atmosphere: combustion, cellular respiration – Water: photosynthesis – Soil: plants, protists, bacteria, decomposition

16. Fossil fuels – coal, oil, natural gas The greenhouse effect