1. Water, Water Everywhere!
Water in Earth’s Processes
Unit
S6E3

2. How is the amount of water on Earth divided up?
3% = Freshwater
97% = Saltwater

3. Is most of the water on Earth freshwater or saltwater?

4. Where can the freshwater be found?
¾ Freshwater is Frozen Solid
in ice caps and glaciers
¼ Freshwater is Liquid underground
A tiny fraction is in lakes & rivers
A smaller fraction is water vapor in the atmosphere

5. What is the Water Cycle?
Definition: The continuous movement of water from Earth’s surface into the atmosphere and then back again!
The water cycle is powered by the Sun.

6. Condensation
Precipitation
Evaporation
Trees
Accumulation

7. Main Parts of the Water Cycle:
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Accumulation

8. What is Evaporation?
When water changes from liquid to water vapor (liquid to gas)
Evaporation comes from:
plants
lakes
oceans

9. Evaporation from plants????
This is called TRANSPIRATION

10. What happens after water evaporates?
Condensation!
As air and water vapor rise, they cool to form clouds
(gas to liquid)

11. What happens when the droplets get too large to stay in the clouds?
They fall as Precipitation –
water that falls from clouds as
Rain
Snow
Sleet
Hail

12. What happens to water that falls to the ground?
Accumulation- collection of water
Runoff – water flows across the land into streams, rivers, or oceans
Groundwater – water soaks into the ground

13. Examples of surface water:
Rivers
Ponds
Lakes
Wetlands – swamps, bogs, marshes

15. How does water get UNDERGROUND?
It trickles down between
particles of soil & through
cracks in rocks

16. How water gets into rock…

17. An Aquifer is an underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water.

18. How can we get to the water so we can use it everyday?
Springs can form & water bubbles out naturally
Wells provide access to Aquifers that have drinking water
Wells can be mechanically or hand pumped
In Artesian Wells, water rises because of pressure in an Aquifer

19. Why is it important to conserve water?
How is water used?
In your home
Industry & Transportation
Agriculture
Recreation
Why is it important to conserve water?

20. Water Pollution is Bad! What is water pollution?
What causes water pollution?

21. Properties that make up the oceans’ composition:
Salinity
Temperature
Dissolved Gases

22. Remember…we have more saltwater on Earth than freshwater!
So, why can’t we just drink sea water?
Because it tastes yucky!
That’s why!

23. Why does it taste yucky? Because it has lots of salt…
Salinity – the amount of salt dissolved in water (NaCl)
Average salinity of the ocean is 3.5%
If you boiled 1kg of ocean water in a pot until all water was gone, you’d be left with about 35g of salt left in the pot!

24. Where do the salts and minerals come from?
Salt and minerals that are in the ocean come mostly from dissolved rocks, and soil that is brought to the oceans from rivers
Volcanoes also provide salts to the oceans.

25. What does salt do to the ocean water?
Lowers the freezing point of water
It makes seawater more dense
Greater buoyancy – you float higher in some ocean water

26. Temperature of Ocean Water
Closer to the equator = warmer water
Temperature decrease as you go deeper
Density & Pressure increase as you go deeper

27. Dissolved Gases in Ocean Water:
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Sea plants & creatures use these gases to survive

28. Oxygen in sea water comes from Algae & air

29. One big ocean or several smaller oceans?

30. World’s Oceans
All of the oceans are connected, and essentially one big ocean.
We have made imaginary boundaries to break up this ocean, and currently we have 5 different oceans.

31. From the largest to smallest:
World’s Oceans
From the largest to smallest:
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Southern
Arctic

32. Main features of the ocean floor: (F) Continental shelf
Main features of the ocean floor: (F) Continental shelf (C) Abyssal Plain (A) Continental slope (B) Seamount (E) Volcanic islands (G) Ocean trench (D) Mid-ocean ridge

33. What is a wave?
The movement of energy through a body of water

34. Waves Strength of the wind Surface waves are caused by wind.
The height and size of waves depend on 3 factors:
Strength of the wind
Length of time the wind blows
Distance over which the wind blows