1. AIM: What is difference between between coal, petroleum and natural gas.
DN: What is coal? How is it formed?
HW: Article Due Friday

2. Where does all the energy on earth come from?
The sun
Energy from sun is converted to chemical energy in plants (photosynthesis).
When you eat, the energy from the plant is converted to heat, mechanical and chemical energy for life processes

3. Remember…… energy cannot be created or destroyed- it can be converted from one form to another

4. Fuel Any substance from which energy can be obtained EX: Food Oil
Gas petroleum

5. Electricity Not common in nature Except for lightning
How is electricity produced?
Fuel is burned to boil water, producing steam.
Steam exerts pressure on turbines, turning them
The mechanical energy of the turbines generates electricity
Not very efficient because some of the energy is converted to heat, light or sound

6. Energy needs over time Energy needs have increased over time
Modern industrial society uses 50% more energy per person than did hunter-gatherers
Factories for products (clothes furniture, building) to accommodate growing population
Machines were used instead of people
Manufacturing the machines and using the machines required large amounts of fuel

7. Fossil Fuels Fuels from the remains of organisms that lived long ago
Organic
Coal, petroleum, natural gas

8. Coal Mostly the result of sedimentation Solid Swamps, plants
At each stage, more hydrogen and oxygen is lost leaving the carbon more concentrated
More carbon=more energy when burned

10. Stages of coal formation
peat- not true coal, low carbon, low energy
Lignite- first true form of coal, 40% carbon,
Bituminous- 85% carbon, most abundant in the US
Anthracite- 95% carbon- very hard
Sometimes called metamorphic rock

12. Coal and oil formation

13. Petroleum
liquid- oil
Remains of microscopic organisms that lived in shallow seas
Sedimentation
Trapped under nonporous rocks like shale
Gasoline, heat homes, lubricants

15. Natural Gas Gas- formed in the same way as petroleum
Methane- primary component
Heating, stoves, water heaters
More energy efficient than electric appliances- does not have to be converted to electricity first
Waste of petroleum drilling- wasteful because it can also be used as a fuel
Propane, methane, ethane

16. Hydrocarbons Organic fuel (once part of a living organism)
Trees, bones, plants
Contain only carbon and hydrogen
Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6
Octane C8H18
The biological activities that occur within the cells of organisms give rise to different hydrocarbon shapes

17. What role did machines play in the worlds changing energy needs?
What is the most common type of coal in the United States?
How does anthracite coal form?
Explain why peat is not considered a fossil fuel.
Why is natural gas as a fuel for cooking more efficient than using electricity?
Compare and contrast the formation of petroleum and the formation of coal.