1. Chapter 14-Land
How We Use Land

2. Land Use and Land Cover
Land purposes: Farming, mining, cities, highways, neighborhoods, and recreation.
Land cover- what you find on a patch of land
Urban land- Mainly buildings and roads
Rural land- Few people and large areas of open space

3. Where We Live Until 1850- rural areas Industrial Revolution
Farmers, forest managers, miners, and mill workers
Industrial Revolution
Machinery, better transportation
Loss of rural jobs
Urban areas grew rapidly
Urban sprawl
Developed countries between 1880 and 1950
Now in developing countries

4. The Urban-Rural Connection
People are dependant on resources produced in rural areas
Drinking water
Fertile soil
Cropland
Trees
Oxygen
Ecosystem Services
Resources that are produced by natural and artificial ecosystems

5. Urban Explosion Research Activity
Example cities: Mexico City, Bombay, Sao Paulo, New York, Lagos, Los Angeles, Calcutta, Buenos Aires, Tokyo, London, Beijing, Paris, Capetown, etc.
Students will research the major cities around the world for the following:
*Global location (continent, country, province, etc.)
*population size
*City size (land area)
*Interesting facts

6. Chapter 14-Land
Urban Land Use

7. Urbanization The movement of people from rural areas to cities
% of U.S. pop. Urban
% urban
Metropolitan areas- Combined towns and cities

8. The Urban Crisis Overwhelmed infrastructure Urban Sprawl
All the things society builds for public use
Living conditions deteriorate
Worldwide infrastructure deterioration- the Urban Crisis
Ex: Page 359 Fig. 6
Urban Sprawl
Rapid expansion of a city into the countryside surrounding a city
Suburbs
Example: Page 359 Fig. 7

9. Urbanization Development of Marginal Lands
Land that is poorly suited for building
Example: Page 360 figure 8
Heat Island- Increased temperature in a city
Generate and trap more heat
Example: Page 360 Figure 9 ATL.
Increased rainfall
Moderate by planting trees for shade and installing reflecting rooftops

10. Urban Planning
Land-use planning- Determining in advance how land will be used.
Intelligent Design- Use of Geographic Information System (GIS)
Computerized system for storing, manipulating and viewing geographic data
Example: Page 361 Figure 10

11. Urban Planning Transportation Open Space Traffic problems
Mass transit systems
Use buses and trains
Save energy
Reduce highway congestion
Reduce air pollution
Limit loss of land
Open Space
Land within urban areas set aside for scenic and recreational enjoyment
Greenbelts: Open areas left in their natural state

12. Land Management and Conservation
Chapter 14-Land
Land Management and Conservation

13. Farmlands Land that is used to grow crops and fruit
Threatened by urban development
National farmland Protection Program (1996)

14. Rangelands
Lands that support different vegetation types and is not used for farming or timber
Most common human use- grazing
Problems: Overgrazing
Allowing more animals to graze than the land can support
Invader plant species
All vegetation eaten
Erosion

15. Rangelands Maintaining the Range
Public Rangelands Improvement Act (1978)
Reverse rangeland deterioration
Improve land management practices
Kill invasive plants
Plant native vegetation
Fence areas to recover

16. Forest Lands Trees harvested for products we use
Forests also provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
Timber harvesting lands:
Virgin forest- Never been harvested for timber
Native forest- Planted and managed
Tree farms- Planted in rows and harvested like crops

17. Forest Lands Selective cutting Clear-cutting
Removing only middle-aged or mature trees
More expensive
Less destructive
Clear-cutting
Removing all the trees from an area of land
Destroys wildlife habitat
Causes soil erosion

18. Forest Lands Deforestation
The clearing of trees from an area without replacing them
Reduces wildlife habitat
Causes soil erosion
Plowing increased erosion
Example: Great Depression of the 1930’s
Dust Bowl

19. Forest Lands Reforestation
Process by which trees are planted to re-establish trees that have been cut down in a forest land

20. Parks and Preserves First national park- Yellowstone (1870’s)
Today, about 50 national parks
United Nations’s Man and the Biosphere Program
Biosphere preserves- Include people in management plan

21. Parks and Preserves Wilderness
An area in which the land and the ecosystems it supports are protected from all exploitation
U.S. Wilderness Act (1964) designates wilderness areas
32 million acres in U. S.
Buildings, roads, structures, and motor vehicles not permitted

22. Parks and Preserves Threats to Protected Areas
Growing and increasingly mobile pop.
Litter, air and water pollution
Mining and logging
Oil and gas drilling
Factories, power plants, and urban areas
Climate change
Benefits of Protected Areas
Species are protected from extinction
Unspoiled deserts, forests, and prairies
Recreation, outdoor classrooms and research labs