1. Volcanoes
: Volcanic Landforms

2. What landforms does lava create on Earth’s surface?
How does magma that hardens beneath the surface create landforms?

3. Landforms From Lava & Ash

4. Shield Volcano
A wide, gently-sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions
Example: The Hawaiian Islands

6. Cinder Cone
A steep, cone-shaped hill or mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled of around a volcano’s opening
Example: Sunset crater in Arizona

8. Composite Volcano
A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials
Example: Mount St. Helens in Washington and Mount Fuji in Japan

10. Caldera
The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the volcano’s magma chamber collapses

11. What are the three types of volcanic mountains?
The three types of volcanic mountains are
Shield volcanoes
Cinder cone volcanoes
Composite volcanoes

12. What landforms does lava create on Earth’s surface
What landforms does lava create on Earth’s surface? Explain how each landform is formed.
Shield volcanoes
Lava pours out of the volcano’s vent and hardens creating new layers of rock
Cinder cone volcanoes
Ash, cinders, and bombs pile up around the volcano vent in a cone-shaped pile
Composite volcanoes
Quiet eruptions (lava flow) alternate with explosive eruptions (ash, cinders, and bombs) creating a tall cone-shaped mountain
Lava plateaus
Lava fills the cracks in Earth creating higher elevated, flat land

13. Landforms From Magma

14. Volcanic Neck A deposit of hardened magma in a volcano’s pipe
Looks like a giant tooth stuck in the ground

15. Dike
A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma hardens in a vertical crack

16. Sill
A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma hardens in a horizontal crack

17. Compare and Contrast What is the difference between a dike and a sill?
Both a dike and a sill form when magma hardens in a crack
A dike forms when magma hardens into a vertical crack
A sill forms when magma hardens into a horizontal crack

18. Batholith
A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cooled inside the crust

19. How does magma that hardens beneath the surface create landforms?
Volcanic necks
Magma hardens inside the volcano’s pipe and the softer layer around the pipe wears away
Dikes
Magma forces its way into vertical cracks in the crust and hardens
Sill
Magma squeezes between horizontal layers of rock and hardens