1. CO2 and Clean Coal Future Needs for Energy Research Infrastructure Tony Kaiser June, 2005

2. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 2 Long Term Energy Market Different needs world-wide - uneven access to modern energy Growth of Renewable Energy but …. IEA projections of global power stations to be built by 2030 Capacity IEA World Energy Outlook 2003 Continuous reliance on fossil fuels – especially likes of China and India

3. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 3 Long Term Competitive Position Huge growth in China inward investment in capability Chinese equipment suppliers likely to become world players eg Steam Turbines companies (like Shanghai and Harbin) have annual capacity of over 30 GW IEA projections of global power station to be built by 2030 Investment Continuous need to develop the technology – focus on high added value components and systems IEA WEO 2004 Europe will face harsh competition global markets not just from USA and Japan but also increasingly from Asia

4. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 4 Technology Solutions: Increasing Efficiency of Thermal Power Improve business as usual increase efficiency Market Intelligence / Trends / TR190 JW1 / 980531 Improve business as usual fuel switch to less carbon-intensive fuels

5. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 5 Efficiencies of coal plants in EU

6. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 6 Potential CO 2 Reduction in EU

7. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 7 Power Plant Efficiency Evolution 1.Plant efficiency has improved steadily over the years 2.Efficiency increase from Subcritical to USC can, for example, yield up to 30% CO 2 emissions reduction

8. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 8 CO 2 Capture Options Towards Zero Emissions at the right price Front-End Tail-End Integrated Pre-combustion Front End –IGCC based systems –Carbonate capture –Chemical looping Oxygen Combustion –Internal (membrane) or external (ASU) oxygen supply Post Combustion Tail-end CO2 capture –Absorption/stripping process using MEA, physical absorbents …..

9. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 9 Post Combustion Capture with Exhaust Gas Recirculation Allows increase in CO 2 concentration in exhaust gas

10. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 10 Strategic Trajectories Carbon Reduction Time `Increased Efficiency` Trajectory `Zero Emissions` Trajectory Near-term Mid-termLong-term High efficiency combined with `Capture ready` concept? Value of CO 2 ? Geography? Flexible strategy to cover uncertain future

11. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 11 Energy RTD and D is a critical issue for future in Europe and world-wide –Wide range of drivers : Competitiveness, Market Need, Security of Supply, Environment, Global Climate Change, …….. –Needs to be a recognized identified theme in FP7 –Needs to have a significant budget assigned in FP7 FP7 - Importance of Energy Importance of a balanced approach to Energy RTD & D Portfolio approach needed in FP7 for Energy RTD and D –Non-nuclear energy programme needs to be comparable with that of Euratom/Nuclear –Renewable Energy, Hydrogen/FCs, Networks/T&D, Energy Efficiency, Storage ……… and –Clean use of fossil fuels (= near zero emission power generation)

12. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 12 All measures will be required – different solutions in different parts of the world Not one single winning technology – complementary actions Broad portfolio approach necessary – energy efficiency, REN, fossil, nuclear Development of energy technology will be essential Clean use of fossil fuels: a critical transition for decades yet, in getting to a sustainable energy future Helicopter Viewpoint

13. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 13 General issue – Demonstration and Upscaling of Technologies Small scale test rigs are readily available in EU EU-Funding of Upscaling of Technology and Large scale Demonstration of Technology Need for energy infrastructure and demonstrator projects to –better deployment energy technologies, –reduce technical risks, –Show economical competitiveness See e.g. U.S. with FutureGen, H-Class GT…. however not solved in EU

14. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 14 Current energy research infrastructures – (not complete) Cologne, DLR ALSTOM –H2 combustion test rigs –test centre (GT26, GT8C) CH –Whetstone test centre Siemens test facility in Berlin SINTEF IGCC plants –Puertolano, Buggenum RR UTCs CCP (BP, Shell, Statoil…) Numerous universities –Cranfield, ETH Zürich, PSI, etc IFP –Test rigs for chemical looping Linde, BOC –Air separation membranes NTNU Norway, University Paderborn –Modelling and optimization of zero emissions power plants …

15. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 15 Energy technologies for which research infrastructures needed (I) Air separation –Membranes, CAR (Ceramic autothermal recovery), etc. Oxygen-fired boilers Chemical looping –O2 transport into boiler –CO2 capture within boiler CO2 capturing and stripping –CO2 capturing from diluted streams (low T, low p) –CO2 capturing within GT cycle (high T, high p) Efficiency increase (and cost reduction) –CO2 capture cycles and –Benefits to standard cycle as well

16. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 16 Energy technologies for which research infrastructures needed (II) H2, syngas capable gas turbines –Combustion –Aerodynamics –Materials, e.g. high-strength rotors, thick TBCs –Hot gas clean-up GT with flue gas recycle –CO2 capture by membranes –Flue gas treatment Integration of technologies –Gasifier with gas turbine –CO2 separation in gas turbine cycle –Gas cleaning

17. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 17 Examples for future energy research infrastructures needed Oxygen fired circulating fluidized bed demo ( O2CFB ) Oxygen fired pulverized coal demo ( O2PC ) Oxygen separation unit demo Chemical looping demo GT, ST with enabling technologies for higher efficiency (GTCC>60%) Hydrogen, syngas combustion lab Flue gas recycle GT and CO2 capture demo CO2 membrane demo CO2 anti-sublimation (CO2 frosting, GT, Steam cycle) New CO2 scrubbing technology demos (other than standard MEA scrubbing) –(this is not a priority order yet)

18. 300505\1 st June presentation in Brussels_4.ppz 18 Proposal for working team Work out details of proposed research infrastructure needed –Optimal Place –Partners (equipment suppliers, power generators, universities, SMEs) –Cost –Size of pilot/demonstration equipment –Technical specifications to reach R&D targets Team members proposed (not complete yet) –ALSTOM –S/W –Vattenfall, RWE, EdF and European subsidiaries, Endesa, –SINTEF, IFP, NTNU, …more to be defined! Due date for specific proposals?

19. www.alstom.com