1. Groundwater
Chapter 10

2. Movement and Storage
If precipitation doesn’t runoff the surface it infiltrates into the ground.
Well sorted sediments allow water to infiltrate into the ground more easily than poorly sorted sediments.
Porosity- % of pore space.

3. Zone of Saturation
Zone of saturation- the depth below the Earth’s surface in which ground water fills all the pore spaces.

4. Ground water movement
Permeability- the ability of a material to let water through.

5. Ground water movement
Aquifers- permeable layers

6. Groundwater Erosion
Dissolution- the process of dissolving calcium carbonate
Caves- a natural underground opening with a connection to the earth’s surface
Karst topography- limestone regions that have sinkholes, sinks, and sinking streams.

7. Groundwater Erosion
Sinkhole- a depression in the ground caused by the collapse of a cave or by direct dissolution below the earth’s surface.

8. Groundwater deposits
Hard Water- water that contains a high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, or iron.
Stalactites- deposits that hang from a cave’s ceiling
Stalagmites- drip stone deposit that forms below a stalactite.

9. Groundwater systems
Springs- natural discharge of ground water at the earth’s surface

10. Groundwater systems
Hot springs- springs that discharge water well above the average air temperature.
Geysers- explosive hot springs

11. Wells
Well- a hole dug or drilled into the ground to reach a reservoir of ground water

12. Wells
Artesian Well- water is forced out of the round because of pressure from the recharge area.

13. Threats to water use
Overuse-

14. Threats to water use
Subsidence- sinking of land due to excessive withdrawal of groundwater
Pollution

15. Threats to water use
Chemicals-
Salt-