1. Trends and Similarities
Periodic Table
Trends and Similarities

2. Trends of the Periodic Table: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:
Give a trend across and down the Periodic Table for metallic characteristics, reactivity, atomic radius and ion radius, electron affinity, ionization energy, electronegativity, density, melting point and boiling point
Define each of the terms above
Pick the element with the higher trend above from a list of several elements

3. 15 Helpful Hints On The Lab Report from Mr. T’s Vast Lab Experience!!!
Hint #7. In case of doubt, make it sound convincing. 3

4. Trends In The Periodic Table:
Ionization Energy Atomic Radius Electron Affinity Electronegativity, Etc.

5. Try to determine the trends by looking at the handouts provided.
Periodic Trends
Try to determine the trends by looking at the handouts provided.

6. Metallic Characteristic Trends
Top to Bottom
Left to Right
Increases
Decreases
Conductivity
Shininess
Malleability
Ductility

7. Reactivity Of Metals
more reactive
more reactive

8. Reactivity Trends Top to Bottom Left to Right Increases with Metals
Decreases with Nonmetals
Decreases with Metals
Increases with Nonmetals

9. Hittite News:
The minimum drinking age in Hittite Country has been raised to 32.
It seems they want to keep alcohol out of the high schools.

10. Atomic Radius
Half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms that are bonded together.
Electron – electron repulsion
= larger
Proton – electron attraction
= smaller
Energy level, n, more therefore

11. Atomic Radius Vs. Atomic Number
04/10/99

12. Atomic Radius Trends

13. Beware of Identity Theft!!

14. Periodic Table Trends Answers

15. Atomic Radius Trends
Top to Bottom
Left to Right
Increases
Decreases

16. Negative Ions – Nonmetals
Ionic Radius
Cations lose electrons, therefore they tend to be
Positive Ions – Metals
Anions gain electrons, therefore they tend to be
Negative Ions – Nonmetals

17. Ionic Radius Trends Electron gain = repulsion = Larger
Electron loss = one less energy level =
Smaller

18. Ionic Radius Trends
Metals
Nonmetals
Smaller
Larger

19. Happy Birthday Dirge Happy Birthday, Happy Birthday,
So far Death you have bypassed.
Don’t look back, he’s gaining fast.
Happy Birthday, Happy Birthday!

20. Electron Affinity
The energy change that occurs when a neutral atom acquires an electron.
Most electron affinity values are negative. Energy is released from the atom.
Atoms that really want another electron tend to be more negative.

21. Periodic Table Trends Answers

22. Electron Affinity Trends
Top to Bottom
Left to Right
Decreases
(less negative)
Increases
(more negative)
Noble Gases = 0

23. Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom.
The closer to the nucleus, the harder to pull the electron.
The farther away, more interference from other electrons, therefore, the easier it is to pull the electron.

24. Ionization Energy Vs. Atomic Number
04/10/99

25. Ionization Energy Trends

26. Ionization Energy Trends
Top to Bottom
Left to Right
Decreases
Increases

28. Electronegativity
A measurement of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons.

29. Generally, Ionization energy + Electron Affinity = Electronegativity
Most electronegative element – Fluorine (F)
It is assigned the number 4
All other values are based on this value.

30. Electronegativity Trends

31. Electronegativity Trends
Top to Bottom
Left to Right
Decreases
Increases

32. Volume of that Material
Density
Mass of a Material
Divided by
Volume of that Material

33. Density Trends

34. Increases then Decreases
Density Trends
Top to Bottom
Left to Right
Increase
Increases then Decreases

35. Another Hittite Innovation!!!

36. Boiling Point
Temperature at which a system moves from the liquid state to the gaseous state. The external pressure pushing into the liquid is equal to the internal pressure pushing out of the liquid.

37. Melting Point
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. The external pressure pushing into the solid is equal to the internal pressure pushing out of the solid.

38. Boiling Point Trends

39. Boiling/Melting Point Trends
Top to Bottom
Left to Right
Increases except Groups 1, 2, 12, 13, 14
Increases then Decreases

40. Trends of the Periodic Table: Let’s see if you can:
Give a trend across and down the Periodic Table for metallic characteristics, reactivity, atomic radius and ion radius, electron affinity, ionization energy, electronegativity, density, melting point and boiling point
Define each of the terms above
Pick the element with the higher trend above from a list of several elements

41. A fool and his money are soon parted!!
Familiar Saying
A member of the species commonly designated Homo Sapiens who exhibits an insufficiency of normal sagacity faces imminent separation from his spendable financial assets.
A fool and his money are soon parted!!

42. Which of the elements is the metalloid?
Aluminum
Silicon
Chlorine
Magnesium
Sulfur 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

43. Which of the elements would be the least reactive metal?
Aluminum
Silicon
Chlorine
Magnesium
Sulfur 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

44. Which of the elements would be the most reactive nonmetal?
Aluminum
Silicon
Chlorine
Magnesium
Sulfur 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

45. Which of the elements would have the largest radius?
Aluminum
Silicon
Chlorine
Magnesium
Sulfur 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

46. Which of the elements would have the highest electronegativity?
Aluminum
Silicon
Chlorine
Magnesium
Sulfur 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

47. Which of the elements would have the lowest ionization energy?
Aluminum
Silicon
Chlorine
Magnesium
Sulfur 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

48. Which of the elements would have the greatest electron affinity (the most negative number)?
Aluminum
Silicon
Chlorine
Magnesium
Sulfur 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

49. Which of the elements would have the highest metallic character?
Aluminum
Silicon
Chlorine
Magnesium
Sulfur 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

50. Which of the following would have the larger radius?
Chlorine
Chlorine Ion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

51. Which of the following would have the smaller radius?
Lithium
Lithium Ion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

52. Which of the following would have the smaller radius?
Oxygen
Oxygen Ion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

53. Which of the following would have the larger radius?
Sodium
Sodium Ion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

54. Rubidium (n=37) would have all of the following characteristics except:
High Conductivity
High Malleability
High Brittleness
Solid at Room Temperature
1 Valence Electron 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

55. Bromine (n=35) would have which of the following characteristics?
High Conductivity
High Malleability
High Brittleness
Solid at Room Temperature
7 Valence Electrons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

56. Which of the following would have the highest melting point?
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Astatine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

57. Which of the following would have the lowest density?
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Astatine 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

58. Which of the following would have the highest density?
Potassium
Iron
Bromine
Krypton 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

59. Which of the following would have the lowest boiling point?
Potassium
Iron
Bromine
Krypton 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

60. “Disorder in the American Courts” These are statements people actually said in court, word for word, taken down and now published by court reporters.
ATTORNEY:  How was your first marriage terminated?
WITNESS:     By death.
ATTORNEY:  And by whose death was it terminated?
WITNESS:     Take a guess.