1. < BackNext >PreviewMain The Earth’s Ecosystems Section 1 Land BiomesLand Biomes Section 2 Marine EcosystemsMarine Ecosystems Section 3 Freshwater EcosystemsFreshwater Ecosystems Chapter 20 Preview Concept Mapping

2. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 1 Land Biomes Bellringer Write the answers to the following questions in your science journal: What is a biome? List seven land biomes. Chapter 20

3. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter 20 Distinguish between abiotic factors and biotic factors in biomes. Identify seven land biomes on Earth. Objectives

4. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter 20 The Earth’s Land Biomes Abiotic Factors Abiotic factors are the nonliving parts of an environment. Biotic Factors Biotic factors are the living parts of an environment. Biomes A biome is a large area characterized by its climate and the plants and animals that live in the area. Contains related ecosystems.

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6. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 1 Land Biomes Forests –Found in areas that have mild temperatures and plenty of rain Chapter 20

7. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter 20 Forests Temperate Deciduous Forests In a temperate deciduous forest, mammals, birds, and reptiles thrive on the many leaves, seeds, nuts, and insects. Trees lose leaves in the winter to conserve water.

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9. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter 20 Forests, continued Coniferous Forests Also called a taiga or boreal forest. Coniferous forests have evergreen (pine) trees. Many animals must hibernate through the cold winters or migrate to a warmer climate.

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11. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter 20 Forests, continued Tropical Rain Forests Tropical rain forests have a greater variety of organisms than any other biome. Most animals live in the canopy. Nutrients are found in the plants, not soil.

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13. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter 20 Grasslands Temperate Grasslands Temperate grasslands have few trees, and many different kinds of seed and grass-eating animals. Grasslands are also called steppes or prairies.

14. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter 20 Grasslands, continued Savannas A grassland that has scattered clumps of trees and seasonal rains is called a savanna. Home to large herbivores such as elephants, zebras, and giraffes.

15. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter 20 Deserts Dry and Hot Biomes that are very dry and often very hot are called deserts. Plants & Animals have adaptations to survive. For example: Growing far apart = less competition Waxy coating = less water loss Animals are active at night Some animals burrow into the ground

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17. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 1 Land Biomes Chapter 20 Tundra - Very cold temperatures & little rainfall - Sometimes called a “cold” desert. Polar Tundra In polar tundra, the layer of soil beneath the surface soil stays frozen all of the time. This layer is called permafrost. Alpine Tundra Alpine tundra also has permafrost. But alpine tundra is found at the top of tall mountains.

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19. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Bellringer Write the answer to the following question in your science journal: What are abiotic factors in marine ecosystems? Chapter 20

20. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Chapter 20 List three abiotic factors that shape marine ecosystems. Describe four major ocean zones. Describe five marine ecosystems. Objectives

21. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Chapter 20 Life in the Ocean Abiotic Factors Marine ecosystems are shaped by abiotic factors including water temperature, water depth, and the amount of sunlight that passes into the water. Plankton Trillions of plankton live in the ocean. Plankton are tiny organisms that float near the surface of the water.

22. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Chapter 20 Temperature Depth and Temperature The temperature of ocean water decreases as the depth of the water increases.

23. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Chapter 20 Depth and Sunlight The Intertidal Zone The intertidal zone is the place where the ocean meets the land. The Neritic Zone As you move farther away from shore, into the neritic zone, the water becomes deeper. The Oceanic Zone In the oceanic zone, the sea floor drops sharply The Benthic Zone The benthic zone is the ocean floor. The deepest part does not get any sunlight.

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26. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Chapter 20 A Closer Look Intertidal Areas Intertidal areas are found near the shore. These areas include mudflats, sandy beaches, and rocky shores. Coral Reefs Coral reefs are found in warm, shallow areas of the neritic zone. Reefs provide homes for many marine animals and plants. Estuaries An area where fresh water from rivers spills into the ocean is called an estuary. Plants and animals living in estuaries must be able to survive in a changing concentration of salt.

27. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Chapter 20 A Closer Look, continued The Sargasso Sea An ecosystem called the Sargasso Sea is found in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. The ecosystem contains floating rafts of algae. Polar Ice The Arctic Ocean and the ocean around Antarctica have icy waters, which are rich in nutrients. Many fishes, birds, and mammals live in this ecosystem.

28. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Bellringer Write the answer to the following question in your science journal: What are four freshwater ecosystems? Chapter 20

29. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Chapter 20 Describe one abiotic factor that affects freshwater ecosystems. Describe the three zones of a lake. Describe two wetland ecosystems. Explain how a lake becomes a forest. Objectives

30. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Chapter 20 Stream and River Ecosystems Water in Streams and Rivers The water in brooks, streams, and rivers may flow from melting ice or snow. Or the water may come from a spring. Tributaries Each stream of water that joins a larger stream is called a tributary.

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32. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Chapter 20 Tributary, River System, and Drainage Basin Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept

33. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Chapter 20 Pond and Lake Ecosystems Life near Shore The are of water closest to the edge of a lake or pond is called the littoral zone. The plants in the littoral zone are homes to small animals. Life Away from Shore The area of a lake or pond that extends from the littoral zone across the top of the water called the open-water zone. Beneath the open-water zone is the deep-water zone, where no sunlight reaches.

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35. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Chapter 20 Wetland Ecosystems Marshes A treeless wetland ecosystem where plants, such as grasses, grow is called a marsh. Muskrats, turtles, frogs, and birds live in marshes. Swamps A wetland ecosystem in which trees and vines grow is called a swamp. Water lilies and other plants grow in standing water. Many fishes, snakes, and birds also live in swamps.

36. < BackNext >PreviewMain Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Chapter 20 From a Lake to a Forest Build Up of Sediments Water entering a standing body of water usually carries nutrients and sediments. These materials build up on the bottom of the lake or pond. Formation of a Wetland Over time, the pond or lake is filled with sediments. Plants grow in the new soil and the pond or lake starts becoming a wetland. The wetland then may develop into a forest.

37. < BackNext >PreviewMain The Earth’s Ecosystems Concept Mapping Use the terms below to complete the Concept Mapping on the next slide. Chapter 20 land biomes biotic factors tundra biomes marine freshwater abiotic factors grasslands

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39. < BackNext >PreviewMain The Earth’s Ecosystems Chapter 20