Potential Causes and Management of Prespawn Mortality in Adult Upper Willamette River Spring Chinook Carl Schreck, M.L. Kent, S. Benda, C. Sharpe, J.T.

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Presentation transcript:

Potential Causes and Management of Prespawn Mortality in Adult Upper Willamette River Spring Chinook Carl Schreck, M.L. Kent, S. Benda, C. Sharpe, J.T. Peterson, and B. Dolan

Acknowledgements Funding: USACE ODFW – Hatchery – Research – Managers USACE University of Idaho Oregon State University Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit

Prior Research Optimal Decision Analysis Annual holding experiments at ~ 13C Energetic status Pathogens Time Accumulated degree days Spawni ng Period Prespawn mortality MarchOctober Mortality Threshold Race against time

Estimates of Prespawn Mortality in the Mainstem Willamette River J. Tyrell Deweber 1, Mike Colvin ±, Jim Peterson 1, Carl Schreck 1, 1 Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit ± Assistant Professor, Mississippi State University

Prespawn Mortality

Prespawn mortality estimates

Prespawn Mortality Estimates ODFW Carcass Surveys: >30% in most years 5 – 100 % Radiotagging in Middle Fork (Keefer et al. 2010) Mean of 48% 0 – 93% What about PSM rate in the mainstem? Between Willamette Falls and projects Would mortalities be counted?

Willamette Falls Each spring, they come by the tens of thousands … and we count them all (hopefully)

Passage at Falls

Passing Willamette Falls

Total Passing WF ~= Upstream Projects + Harvest + Tributary and Mainstem Spawners

Big Cliff Big Cliff: 1953 Foster Foster: 1968 Cougar: 1963 Cougar Fall Creek: 1966 Dexter: 1954 Fall Creek & Dexter Willamette Falls Bennett Dam Salmon counts for hatcheries, outplanting, etc.

Corrected angler harvest a a ODFW

Estimated Number of Spawners

?

? Potential Explanations Unreported harvest? Fallback? Tributaries? Prespawn mortality in mainstem Evidence?

Relationship with Run Size Density Dependent?

Larger Runs Enter Earlier More Time in the River

Water Temperature Effect

? Potential Explanations Unreported harvest? Fallback? Tributaries? Prespawn mortality in mainstem Evidence from PSM studies?

Evidence for Prespawn Mortality Other tributaries show the same trend

Evidence for Prespawn Mortality

Other tributaries show the same trend Evidence for Prespawn Mortality

Evidence suggests that missing fish may die in the mainstem

? Evidence: Fast acting Horizontal transmission Mediated by temperature ? Assuming PSM, Potential Explanations?

Furunculosis (Aeromonus salmonicida)? Evidence: Replicates in host Horizontal transmission Mortality in < 3 weeks Other pathogens? Bacterial kidney disease % Prevalence

? Broader Implications

Implications for management Big Cliff: 1953 Foster: 1968 Cougar: 1963Fall Creek: 1966 Dexter: 1954 Big Cliff Foster Cougar Fall Creek & Dexter Fewer fish = Lower harvest & Fewer outplants

Natural production Trap and haul Historic spawning habitat Historic spawning habitats Historic spawning habitat Historic spawning habitats Could we have outplanted the missing fish?

? Questions or additional thoughts?