MLA Format & Research Works Cited Pages & In-text Citations

Quotes, Paraphrases, and Summaries…Oh my What is a quote? A word-for-word phrase or sentence or two taken directly from a source Make sure to put “ “ around it What is a paraphrase? Take the same material that you would quote but instead of quoting it, rephrase it into your own words. Why do this? To make the meaning clearer to the reader and to not use so many quotes What is a summary? A much shorter review of a lot of information When you read a source but don’t take direct quotes from it. You learn from it in general instead

You need to include all sources that you quote, paraphrase, or summarize from on the works cited page You also need to have in-text citations for each quote, paraphrase, and summary So basically, you need to cite everything that did not originally come from your own head You should include all 3 of these in your essay Quotes, Paraphrases, and Summaries…Oh my

What is a works cited page? It is a list of the sources that you cite in your essay What does cite mean? Basically, it means pointing to the research sources you used

Works Cited Page So only include those sources that you will quote, paraphrase, and summarize in your essay Do not include ones that you read but won’t quote, paraphrase, or summarize in your essay

Example works cited page

Basic Format of the Works Cited Page: Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Examples: Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, Print. Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, Print. Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. New York: St. Martin's, Print The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, Print. Works Cited page: Books

Article in a Magazine Format Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical Day Month Year: pages. Medium of publication. Example: Buchman, Dana. “A Special Education.” Good Housekeeping Mar. 2006: Print. Article in Scholarly Journal Format Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): pages. Medium of publication. Example: Duvall, John N. “The (Super)Marketplace of Images: Television as Unmediated Mediation in DeLillo's White Noise.” Arizona Quarterly 50.3 (1994): Print. Works Cited Page: Periodicals

Web Source Format: Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). “Article Name.” Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher). Date of last update. Medium of publication. Date of access. Works Cited Page: Web

Examples: Bernstein, Mark. “10 Tips on Writing the Living Web.” A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug Web. 4 May Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov Web. 10 May “How to Make Vegetarian Chili.” eHow.com. eHow. n.d. Web. 24 Feb Works Cited Page: Web

Works cited page general guidelines Notice The sources are listed in alphabetical order If no author is listed for the source, that part is skipped The title of the page is Works Cited—not anything else It still has the header at the top right (your last name and the page number) The second line of each entry is indented ½ inch, and each line after that is also indented ½ inch

In-text citations What are in-text citations? They look like this: It’s when we put a reference to the source from the works cited page that we used for that particular quote, summary, or paraphrase Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).

Basic in-text citation rules Put the necessary information to point to the source in parentheses at the end of the sentence with the quote, paraphrase, or summary Put the period of the sentence after the parentheses (Jones). The source info required for the parentheses depends on two things: The source type (print or web) The source’s entry on the Works Cited page Any source info in the parentheses must connect directly to the source info on the Works cited page That means that the first few words of the entry (author’s last name or if no author, title) will be in the parentheses

Author-page style in-text citations of PRINT sources Examples Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-using animals" (3). Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3). Notice that if the author’s name is mentioned in the phrase before the quote or paraphrase, you don’t need to repeat it in the parentheses Corresponding works cited page entry: Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: U of California P, Print.

In-text citations for print sources with no known author Use a shortened title of the work instead of the author (the title is the next thing on a works cited entry after the author name) Still provide a page number Example: We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change..." ("Impact of Global Warming" 6). Works cited entry: "The Impact of Global Warming in North America." Global Warming: Early Signs Web. 23 Mar

Citing indirect sources Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited in another source. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example: Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as "social service centers, and they don't do that well" (qtd. in Weisman 259).

Citing non-print or Internet sources guidelines Include in the parentheses the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry for that source (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name). You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview function. Do not include URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs if you want to introduce the source, such as when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, like CNN.com orForbes.com as opposed to writing out or

Examples of in-text citations for Web sources The Purdue OWL is accessed by millions of users every year. Its "MLA Formatting and Style Guide" is one of the most popular resources (Stolley et al.). Works cited entry: Stolley, Karl, et al. "MLA Formatting and Style Guide." The OWL at Purdue. 10 May Purdue University Writing Lab. 12 May 2006.

He rejects reason’s authority in religious matters. Dryden speaks against Deists particularly because they deny God’s Word and rely on reason alone (“Overview: Religio Laici”). Works cited entry: “Overview: Religio Laici, Or, A Layman's Faith.” Gale Online Encyclopedia. Detroit: Gale, Literature Resource Center. Web. 27 Mar Examples of in-text citations for Web sources

Citing multiple sources in the same in-text citation To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon:... as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).

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