Fundamental Design Tools Chapter 2

Brainstorming Five to fifteen individuals Five to fifteen individuals Discussion leader restates problem and reiterates rules of discussion Discussion leader restates problem and reiterates rules of discussion Individuals suggest ideas Individuals suggest ideas Evaluate ideas at conclusion of discussion Evaluate ideas at conclusion of discussion Useful for new ideas / deadlock Useful for new ideas / deadlock Drawback: relies on willingness to speak up Drawback: relies on willingness to speak up

Class Design Problem Ear Wax

Method 635 Five exchanges take place Tablets are exchanged, ideas are elaborated, or new ideas are generated Each individual writes down three ideas Six individuals Drawback: isolation, no group synergy Drawback: isolation, no group synergy Useful in systematic approach and large numbers of ideas Useful in systematic approach and large numbers of ideas

Delphi Model Polling process Resultant response list is reordered and evaluated Useful in situations where future of process is of concern Drawback: relies on high response rate Suggestions are regrouped and returned to panelists Expert panel generates starting points

Synetics Problem is presented to a small group Problem is presented to a small group Analogies of terms are examined and relationships forced Analogies of terms are examined and relationships forced Group familiarizes itself with the problem Group familiarizes itself with the problem Also utilizes variations such as randomly choosing words from a dictionary and forcing a fit Also utilizes variations such as randomly choosing words from a dictionary and forcing a fit Useful when problem to be solved has an analogy and group is willing to explore bizarre trains of thought

Class Design Example Right to left heart shunt that needs to be closed – minimally invasive technology. When doing catheterization, need to go with the flow… Cannon droops when rapidly fired. Need to get a ladder through a small space and up in an alleyway.

Web-based and Print Literature Web-based search engines Web-based search engines – search for recent books – search for recent books -search for granted -search for granted or pending patents or pending patents Trade magazines – product design (see my web site under ) Trade magazines – product design (see my web site under ) And search for topics … And search for topics …

Process Chart Symbols Operations Inspection Transportation Delay Storage

Process Chart

Flowchart Activity Decision Yes No Start or end D

Flowcharting  Assists in understanding processes to modify or improve them.  Broad range of charts- from simple process charts to fairly complicated combinations of signal, material, and information flows. Dr. King at the doctor Dr. King at the doctor Flowcharting Overview Flowcharting Overview

Clinic Flow Charts Linear system-Each event must be complete prior to the next beginning

Flowcharts with Decision Points

Decisions: Selection Chart

Evaluation Chart

Objective Tree

Quality Function Deployment Diagrams (QFD)

TRIZ Russian acronym based upon series of papers on the theory of inventive problem solving Russian acronym based upon series of papers on the theory of inventive problem solving Method of reducing design process to a step-by- step procedure Method of reducing design process to a step-by- step procedure As difficulty increases, number of solution increases As difficulty increases, number of solution increases Different themes of transition have finite variations Different themes of transition have finite variations Negative interactions between desired functions Negative interactions between desired functions

TRIZ - Basic ID Problem ID Problem Restate to elaborate contradictions Restate to elaborate contradictions Search for previously well solved problem Search for previously well solved problem Search for analogous solutions Search for analogous solutions